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Conserving Agrobiodiversity in an Andean Indigenous Biocultural Heritage Area. * Article: Alejandro Argumedo, “The Potato Park, Peru: Conserving Agrobiodiversity in an Andean Indigenous Biocultural Heritage Area,” in Protected Landscapes and Agrobiodiversity Values, ed. Thora Amend et al. (Gland, Switzerland: International Union for the ...
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By Michael H. Shuman & Doug Hoffer: "A growing body of evidence suggests that the businesses most beneficial to a communityeconomy are those that are locally owned and import-substituting. 1. Local ownership means that working control of a company is held within a small geographic area. 1. Import-substituting means that the company is focused first...
"Local ownership turns out to matter for economic development in at least five ways: • Locally owned businesses generally contribute more to the “economicmultiplier” than nonlocal businesses – which translates into more income,wealth, jobs, and tax payments – because the former spend more moneylocally. • While absentee-owned businesses increasingly...
The Multiplier vs. Leakage
"Every purchase triggers purchases by others within a community. For instance, a dollar spent on rentmight be spent again by the property owners at the local grocer, who in turn pays an employee, who thenbuys a movie ticket. This phenomenon is what economists call “the multiplier.” The more times a dollarcirculates within a defined geographic area and the faster it circulates without leaving that area, the moreincome, wealth, and jobs it creates. This basic concept in community economics high...
The importance of import-substitution for local prosperity
"Import substitution matters for economic prosperity as well. Every time a communityimports a good or service that it could cost-effectively produce for itself, it “leaks”dollars and loses the critically important economic multipliers associated with them.Unnecessary imports – of foreign oil, for example – also subject a community to risks ofmajor price hikes and disruptions outside local control. And they deny a community adiversified base of businesses and skills that are needed to take adv...
Their novel initiative, called GreenXchange, aims to allow companies to share intellectual property for green product design, packaging, manufacturing, and other uses. If it succeeds, this budding coalition could accelerate innovation across companies and sectors. At minimum, it stands to rewrite the rules about how companies share.
One Earth presents a novel biogeographical framework called Bioregions 2020, which builds upon the world’s 846 terrestrial ecoregional divisions (Dinerstein et al. 2017) to delineate 184 discreet bioregions. Two years in development, with input from an array of field scientists, conservation experts, and geographers, the Bioregions 2020 ...
Definition. "People’s organizations (POs), unlike NGOs, are established by and represent sectors of the population like small farmers, artisanal fisherfolk, slum dwellers and others. POs take a wide variety of forms and exist at various levels. - Community-based organizations (CBOs) mobilize and represent local populations and directly ...
2015年7月17日 · by George Dafermos, Panos Kotsampopoulos, et al.: "Biodigesters are natural systems that take advantage of organic waste from agricultural activities, mainly animal manure, to produce biogas (fuel) and organic fertiliser through the process of anaerobic digestion. Biogas can be used as fuel for cooking, heating or lighting.
The Idealistic mentality is a synthesis of Ideational and Sensate elements with Ideational predominating. It combines the best of the other two mentalities with the addition of reason as a way to knowledge. In the Idealistic view, reason is a sort of apex in an epistemological triangle with faith and sensory observation at the lower points.
