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Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and for many other biological effects. [ 1][ 2] In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D 3 ( cholecalciferol) and vitamin D 2 ( ergocalciferol ). [ 2][ 3]
Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) appears to stimulate the body's interferon type I signaling system that protects against bacteria and viruses, unlike vitamin D 2. [19] For psoriasis, cream that includes vitamin D3 can have a good effect, or UVB phototherapy.
Function. The VDR gene encodes the nuclear hormone receptor for vitamin D. The most potent natural agonist is calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) and the vitamin D 2 homologue ercalcitriol, 1-alpha,25-dihydroergocalciferol) is also a strong activator.
Vitamin D deficiency or hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin D level that is below normal.
Calcitriol is, strictly, the 1-hydroxylation product of calcifediol (25-OH vitamin D 3 ), derived from cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ), rather than the product of hydroxylations of ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2 ). [6] 1α,25-Dihydroxyergocalciferol (ercalcitriol) should be used for the vitamin D 2 product. [6]
The first of these (also known as 25-hydroxy vitamin D3) is made by the body, or is sourced from certain animal foods or cholecalciferol supplements. The second (25-hydroxy vitamin D2) is from certain vegetable foods or ergocalciferol supplements. [ 11]
Previtamin D3 is an intermediate in the production of cholecalciferol ( vitamin D 3 ). It is formed by the action of UV light, most specifically UVB light of wavelengths between 295 and 300 nm, acting on 7-dehydrocholesterol in the epidermal layers of the skin. [1] [2] [3]