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- Painting
- History
- In Culture
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Commission and creation
The Last Supper measures 460 cm × 880 cm (180 in × 350 in) and covers an end wall of the dining hall at the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. The theme was a traditional one for refectories, although the room was not a refectory at the time that Leonardo painted it. The main church building was still under construction while Leonardo was composing the painting. Leonardo's patron, Ludovico Sforza, planned that the church should be remodeled as a family mausoleum. To this e...
Medium
Leonardo, as a painter, favoured oil painting, a medium which allows the artist to work slowly and make changes with ease. Fresco painting does not facilitate either of these objectives. Leonardo also sought a greater luminosity and intensity of light and shade (chiaroscuro) than could be achieved with fresco, in which the water-soluble colours are painted onto wet plaster, laid freshly each day in sections. Rather than using the proven method of painting on walls, Leonardo painted The Last S...
Subject
The Last Supper portrays the reaction given by each apostle when Jesus said one of them would betray him. All twelve apostles have different reactions to the news, with various degrees of anger and shock. The apostles were identified by their names, using an unsigned, mid-sixteenth-century fresco copy of Leonardo's Cenacolo.Before this, only Judas, Peter, John and Jesus had been positively identified. From left to right, according to the apostles' heads: 1. Bartholomew, James, son of Alphaeus...
Early copies
Two early copies of The Last Supper are known to exist, presumed to be work by Leonardo's assistants. The copies are almost the size of the original, and have survived with a wealth of original detail still intact. One, by Giampietrino, is in the collection of the Royal Academy of Arts, London, and the other, by Cesare da Sesto, is installed at the Church of St. Ambrogio in Ponte Capriasca, Switzerland. A third copy (oil on canvas) is painted by Andrea Solari (c. 1520) and is on display in th...
Damage and restorations
Because Sforza had ordered the church to be rebuilt hastily, the masons filled the walls with moisture-retaining rubble. The painting was done on a thin exterior wall, so the effects of humidity were felt keenly, and the paint failed to properly adhere to it. Because of the method used, soon after the painting was completed on 9 February 1498 it began to deteriorate. In 1499, Louis XII contemplated removing the painting from the wall and taking it to France. As early as 1517, the painting was...
The Last Supperhas frequently been referenced, reproduced, or parodied in Western culture. Some of the more notable examples are:
The Last Supper has been the target of much speculation by writers and historical revisionists alike, usually centered on purported hidden messages or hints found within the painting, especially since the publication of Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code (2003), in which one of the characters suggests that the person to Jesus' right (left of Jesus...
Wallace, Robert (1972) [1966]. The World of Leonardo: 1452–1519. New York: Time-Life Books.[ISBN missing]
Bertelli, Carlo (November 1983). "Restoration Reveals The Last Supper". National Geographic. Vol. 164, no. 5. pp. 664–684. ISSN 0027-9358. OCLC 643483454.Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment current 13:05, 1 June 2020 293 × 300 (591 KB)PawełMM contrast & sharpness corrected a little 12:59, 1 June 2020 293 × 300 (591 KB)PawełMM contrast & sharpness corrected 11:16, 1 June 2020 293 × 300 (452 KB)
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