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Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. OA removes price barriers (subscriptions, licensing fees, pay-per-view fees) and permission barriers (most copyright and licensing restrictions).
Concerning open access policies, the report found that the majority of 48 major science funders considered both key forms of open access acceptable: open access publications in journals (referred to as “gold” and “hybrid” open access) and self-archiving (referred to as “green” open access).
Author-pay is one of the models for open-access publishing whereby the author, or the institute in which an author may be embedded, pays for the cost of publishing a scientific article. It is sometimes represented as the sole alternative to commercial publishing models.
- Definition
- Characteristics
- How-To
- Discussion
- Resources
- Open Data Domains
- Status Report 2007
1. Open data is data that can be freely used, shared and built-on by anyone, anywhere, for any purpose. 2. OpenDefinition.org:“Open data is data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone – subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike.” - 3. From the Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Data "Open...
1. The Open Definitiongives full details on the requirements for ‘open’ data and content. Key features are: 1. Availability and Access: the data must be available as a whole and at no more than a reasonable reproduction cost, preferably by downloading over the internet. The data must also be available in a convenient and modifiable form. 1. Reuse a...
3 Key Rules
"There are three key rules we recommend following when opening up data: Keep it simple.Start out small, simple and fast. There is no requirement that every dataset must be made open right now. Starting out by opening up just one dataset, or even one part of a large dataset, is fine — of course, the more datasets you can open up the better. Remember this is about innovation. Moving as rapidly as possible is good because it means you can build momentum and learn from experience — innovation is...
The Four Steps
"These are in very approximate order – many of the steps can be done simultaneously. 1. Choose your dataset(s). Choose the dataset(s) you plan to make open. Keep in mind that you can (and may need to) return to this step if you encounter problems at a later stage. 1. Apply an open license. 1. Determine what intellectual property rights exist in the data. 1. Apply a suitable ‘open’ license that licenses all of these rights and supports the definition of openness discussed in the section above...
Why open data may be more important than open source
Ian Davis: "data outlasts code which lead me to then assert that therefore open data is more important than open source. This appears to be controversial. First, it’s important to note what I did not say. I did not say that open source is not important. On the contrary I said that open source was extremely important and it has sounded the death knell for proprietary software. Later speakers at the conference referred to this statement as controversial too :). (What I actually meant to say was...
Open Data Policies
RECOMMENDATIONS from the U.S. Public Policy Committee of the ACM (USACM): 1. Data published by the government should be in formats and approaches that promote analysis and reuse of that data. 1. Data republished by the government that has been received or stored in a machine-readable format (such as online regulatory filings) should preserve the machine-readability of that data. 1. Information should be posted so as to also be accessible to citizens with limitations and disabilities. 1. Citiz...
Open Data Organizations
1. CODATA 2. Science Commons 3. Free Our Data (The Guardian technology section), http://www.freeourdata.org.uk/index.php 4. The Open Knowledge Foundation 5. Talis 6. Web2Express.org, Open data on semantic web 7. Linking Open Data on the Semantic Web
Open Data Companies
"“Open data is to media what open source is to technology. Open data is an approach to content creation that explicitly recognizes the value of implicit user data. The internet is the first medium to give a voice to the attention that people pay to it. Successful open data companies listen for and amplify the rich data that their audiences produce.”(http://www.attentiontrust.org/node/430) 1. Adaptive Blue- Extended browsing 2. Aggregate Knowledge- Outsourced recommendations 3. Atten.TV- Atten...
The concept of Open Datais used in different contexts, i.e. mostlhy as either the availability of scientific raw data and as open access to publicly funded, 'government' information. (There is of course an obvious overlap when the scientific data are produced by public funding or government institutions.)
Peter Suber: "With or without mandates, more governments committed themselves to OA for publicly funded data. Norway adopted an OA mandate for public geodata. Canada, Ireland, and Australia began providing OA to publicly funded digital mapping data, without a mandate. After long resistance, the UK Ordnance Survey began to do the same, at least expe...
The OA consortium is comprised of over 150 institutions, mainly non-U.S. schools. Intellectual property is still the biggest problem with OA at MIT. When they use third party material they can not publish it.
California is about to adopt the strongest and broadest OA mandate for greenhouse gas data in the US, and Pennsylvania is about to join the other 49 states in mandating OA for state statutes. And the UN Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) adopted an OA mandate for most kinds of data covered by the convention.
Refers to the campaign for the openness of data collected by government, against company-centric licensing regimes which withhold access to publicly funded data to the public at large. See also: Open Government Data and Open Public Data . Contents. 1 Description. 2 Examples. 2.1 OECD Public Sector Information definition.