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History of Thailand - Wikipedia. Contents. hide. (Top) Prehistory. Initial states and Indianized states. Arrival of the Tais. Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438) Ayutthaya period (1351–1767) Thonburi and Early Rattanakosin period (1767–1851) Modernization under Rama IV and Rama V (1851–1910) Nation formation under Vajiravudh and Prajadhipok (1910–1932)
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Where is Thailand located?
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Which country is known as Siam?
The culture of Thailand is a unique blend of various influences that have evolved over time. Local customs, animist beliefs, Buddhist traditions, and regional ethnic and cultural practices have all played a role in shaping Thai culture.
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 70 million, it spans 513,120 square kilometres (198,120 sq mi).
- Physical Geography
- Boundaries
- Topography and Drainage
- Extreme Points
- Regions
- Climate
- Resources and Land Use
- Environmental Concerns
- Territorial Disputes
- See Also
A fertile floodplain and tropical monsoon climate, ideally suited to wet-rice (tham na) cultivation, attracted settlers to this central area in preference to the marginal uplands and the highlands of the northern region or the Khorat Plateauto the northeast. By the 11th century AD, a number of loosely connected rice-growing and trading states flour...
Land boundaries
1. Total: 4,863 km (3,022 mi) 2. Border countries: Myanmar 1,800 km (1,118 mi), Cambodia 803 km (499 mi), Laos 1,754 km (1,090 mi), Malaysia506 km (314 mi)
Coastline
1. Total: 3,219 km (2,000 mi)
Maritime claims
1. Territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) 2. Exclusive economic zone: 299,397 km2(115,598 sq mi) and 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) 3. Continental shelf:20 metres (66 ft) depth or to the depth of exploitation
The most conspicuous features of Thailand's terrain are high mountains, a central plain, and an upland plateau. Mountains cover much of northern Thailand and extend along the Myanmar border down through the Kra Isthmus and the Malay Peninsula. The central plain is a lowland area drained by the Chao Phraya River and its tributaries, the country's pr...
Extreme points of the mainland 1. Northernmost point: Myanmar border, Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai Province, at 20°28′N 99°57′E / 20.467°N 99.950°E / 20.467; 99.950 2. Southernmost point: Malaysian border, Betong District, Yala Province, at 5°37′N 101°8′E / 5.617°N 101.133°E / 5.617; 101.133 3. Easternmost point: Laos border, Khong Chiam Dist...
The National Research Council divides Thailand into six geographical regions, based on natural features including landforms and drainage, as well as human cultural patterns.They are: 1. The North Region 2. The Northeast Region 3. The Central Region 4. The East Region 5. The West Region 6. The South Region Although Bangkok geographically is part of ...
Thailand's climate is influenced by seasonal monsoon winds (the southwest and northeast monsoons).: 2 Most of Thailand has a "tropical wet and dry or savanna climate" type (Köppen's Tropical savanna climate). The majority of the south as well as the extreme east have a tropical monsoon climate. Parts of the south also have a tropical rainforest cli...
Natural resources
1. Tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land.
Land use
1. Arable land: 30.7% 1.1. Permanent crops: 8.8% 1.2. Other: 60.5% (2011)
Land ownership
Pattamawadee Pochanukul, a lecturer from the Faculty of Economics at Thammasat University, estimates that about 59% of all arable land in Thailand belongs to the state. As of 30 September 2015[update] the Treasury Department owned 176,467 plots of land, consisting of about 9.9 million rai (15,769.6 km2). The Ministry of Defence owns about 2.6 million rai (4,230 km2) or about 21.2% of total public land. Information from the Office of the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) shows that me...
Natural hazards: Land subsidence in Bangkok, resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts (see also 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and 2011 Thai floods). Thailand is highly exposed to th...Drought: Droughts are a persistent feature of Thailand's climate. Droughts appear to be worsening: the drought of 2020 is expected[out of date] to be the worst in four decades, according to the Tha...Air pollutionWater pollution from organic and factory wastesHistory
Thailand shares boundaries with Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, and Myanmar. Although neither China nor Vietnamborder Thailand, their territories lie within 100 km of Thai territory. Many parts of Thailand's boundaries follow natural features, such as the Mekong river. Most borders were stabilized and demarcated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in accordance with treaties forced on Thailand and its neighbors by Britain and France.In some areas, however, exact boundaries, especially along T...
Cambodia
Cambodia's disputes with Thailand after 1951 arose in part from ill-defined boundaries and changes in France's colonial fortunes. Recently, the most notable case has been a dispute over Prasat Preah Vihear submitted to the International Court of Justice, which ruled in favor of Cambodia in 1962. During the years that the Cambodian capital, Phnom Penh, was controlled by the Khmer Rouge regime of Pol Pot(1975 to 1979), the border disputes continued.
Laos
Demarcation is complete except for certain Mekong islets. The border is marked by the Mekong: at high water during the rainy season, the centre line of the current is the border, while during low water periods, all islands, mudbanks, sandbanks, and rocks that are revealed belong to Laos.
- Ranked 50th
- Andaman Sea, −3,000 m (−9,800 ft)
- Doi Inthanon, 2,565 m (8,415 ft)
- Southeast Asia
Bangkok,[a] officially known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon[b] and colloquially as Krung Thep,[c] is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres (605.7 sq mi) in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estimated population of 9.0 million as of 2021, 13% of the country's ...
Thai, [a] or Central Thai [b] (historically Siamese; [c] [d] Thai: ภาษาไทย ), is a Tai language of the Kra–Dai language family spoken by the Central Thai, Mon people in Central Thailand and the vast majority of Thai Chinese enclaves throughout the country. It is the sole official language of Thailand. [2] [3]
