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China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the world's second-most populous country. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land.
Part of a series on the. History of China. Timeline. Dynasties. Historiography. Prehistoric. Paleolithic. Neolithic (c. 8500 – c. 2000 BC) Yellow, Yangtze, and Liao civilization. Ancient. Xia (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC) Shang (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC) Zhou (c. 1046 – c. 256 BC) Western Zhou (1046–771 BC) Eastern Zhou (771–256 BC)
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- Relationship with The Chinese Communist Party
- Constitution
- National People's Congress
- Leadership
- Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate
- Provincial and Local Government
- Civil Service
- Policy Development
- State Capacity
- See Also
The CCP constitution states that the party is the highest force for political leadership. The party's institutions overlap with government institutions and the party has authority over government decisions at both the local and central levels.: 36 Senior government officials throughout the country are appointed by the CCP, and are mostly CCP member...
The Constitution of the PRC was first created on 20 September 1954, before which an interim constitution-like document created by the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was in force. The second promulgation in 1975 shortened the constitution to just about 30 articles, containing CCP slogans and revolutionary language throughout.[cit...
The National People's Congress (NPC) is the national legislature of China. With 2,977 members in 2023, it is the largest parliamentary body in the world. Under China's current Constitution, the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature, with the power to legislate, to oversee the operations of the government, and to elect the major officials of...
National leadership
The CCP Politburo Standing Committee consists of the government's top leadership.: 55 Historically it has had five to nine members. As of 2024, it has seven members.: 55 Its officially mandated purpose is to conduct policy discussions and make decisions on major issues when the Politburo, a larger decision-making body, is not in session. According to the CCP's constitution, the General Secretary of the Central Committee must also be a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee.[better sou...
Paramount leader
Power is concentrated in the "paramount leader," an informal title currently occupied by Xi Jinping, who heads the four most important political and state offices: He is the general secretary of the CCP Central Committee, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and President of the PRC. Near the end of Hu Jintao's term in office, experts observed growing limitations to the paramount leader's de facto control over the government, but at the 19th Party Congressin October 2017, Xi Jinping's...
President
Under the PRC's constitution, the President of the People's Republic of China is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers. However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the top leader in the one-party system. The office is officially regarded as an institution of the state rather than an administrative post; theoretically, the president serves at the pleasure of the National People's...
The Supreme People's Court is the judicial organ of the People's Republic of China and is subject to the control of the CCP's Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission. Hong Kong and Macau, as special administrative regions, have separate judicial systems based on British common law traditions and Portuguese civil-law traditions, respectively....
The governors of China's provinces and autonomous regions and mayors of its directly administered municipalities are appointed by the State Council after receiving the nominal consent of the National People's Congress (NPC). The Hong Kong and Macau special administrative regions (SARS) have some local autonomy since they have separate governments, ...
China's civil service is divided into tiers.: 147 The highest tiers (including department chiefs, deputy department chiefs, and section chiefs) have significant involvement in policy-making.: 147
After the Chinese economic reform, China has been characterized by a high degree of political centralization but significant economic decentralization.: 7 The central government sets the strategic direction while local officials carry it out.: 7 Academics Sebastian Heilmann and Elizabeth Perry write that policy-making in China is influenced by the ...
China has a high degree of state capacity.: 49–51 Academic Thomas Heberer attributes China's state capacity to: (1) the legitimacy of its political system as viewed by its citizens, (2) the ability to exercise social control and regulation, (3) coercive resources, (4) the capacity to consult and collaborate with emerging social groups and organizat...
- 1 October 1949; 74 years ago
- National People's Congress
The topography of China has been divided by the Chinese government into five homogeneous physical macro-regions, namely Eastern China (subdivided into the northeast plain, north plain, and southern hills), Xinjiang-Mongolia, and the Tibetan highlands.
- 9,596,960 km² (3,705,410 sq mi)
- East/Southeast Asia
- Asia
- Ranked 3
China has the largest middle-class in the world, with over 500 million people earning over RMB 120,000 a year, making it a priority market for multinational companies. China has free trade agreements with many nations, some of which are already in force (such
- 1,411,750,000 (31 December 2022 est.)
China, officially the People's Republic of China ( PRC ), is a country in East Asia. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the world's second-most populous country. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land.
China was the world's most populous country from at least 1950 [citation needed] until being surpassed by India in 2023. [5] [6] In 2023, China's population stood at 1.409 billion. [3] . According to the 2020 census, 91.11% of the population was Han Chinese, and 8.89% were minorities.
