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  1. A semi-presidential republic, or dual executive republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state.

  2. 半總統制 是 共和國 的一種政體,其中 總統 與 總理 和 內閣 並存,後兩者對國家 立法機構 負責。 它與 議會制 共和國的不同之處在於它有一個 民選 的國家元首,與總統制的不同之處在於內閣雖然由總統任命,但對立法機關負責,立法機關可以通過 不信任動議 迫使內閣辭職。 [1] [2] [3] [4] 雖然 魏瑪共和國 和 芬蘭 (1919年至2000年間)是早期半總統制的典範,但“半總統制”一詞於1959年在記者 于贝尔·伯夫-梅里 的一篇文章中首次被介紹 [5] ,又由政治學家 莫里斯·杜瓦杰 在其論著中推廣 [6] ,他們兩人都有意描述 法蘭西第五共和國 (成立於1958年)。 [1] [2] [3] [4] 特徵. 莫里斯·杜瓦杰 對半總統制國家提出三項共同特徵: [7] [8]

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  4. Semi-presidential republic: Executive president is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature. Assembly-independent republic: Head of government (president or directory) is elected by the legislature, but is not accountable to it.

  5. 2019年5月10日 · A semi-presidential system of government represents a republic ruled by an elected president, a prime minister, and a cabinet. The president is usually elected and is meant to serve for the fixed term specified by the constitution. Lately, semi-presidential governments have become popular, especially in Western countries.

  6. Semi-presidential republic: Executive president is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature. Assembly-independent republic: Head of government (president or directory) is elected by the legislature, but is not accountable to it.

  7. The politics of Russia take place in the framework of the federal semi-presidential republic of Russia. According to the Constitution of Russia , the President of Russia is head of state , and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister , who is appointed by the President with the ...

  8. 2019年3月27日 · In eastern Europe and in the former Soviet republics, semi-presidentialism has emerged as the most common regime type with presently some twenty countries having semi-presidential constitutions. Although semi-presidentialism as a term has been around