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List of file signatures. This is a list of file signatures, data used to identify or verify the content of a file. Such signatures are also known as magic numbers or Magic Bytes. Many file formats are not intended to be read as text. If such a file is accidentally viewed as a text file, its contents will be unintelligible.
UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit.[1] UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064[a] valid Unicode code points using one to four one-byte (8-bit) code units. Code points with lower numerical ...
- Forward S-Box
- Inverse S-Box
- Design Criteria
The S-box maps an 8-bit input, c, to an 8-bit output, s = S(c). Both the input and output are interpreted as polynomials over GF(2). First, the input is mapped to its multiplicative inverse in GF(28) = GF(2) [x]/(x8 + x4 + x3 + x + 1), Rijndael's finite field. Zero, as the identity, is mapped to itself. This transformation is known as the Nyberg S-...
The inverse S-box is simply the S-box run in reverse. For example, the inverse S-box of b816 is 9a16. It is calculated by first calculating the inverse affine transformation of the input value, followed by the multiplicative inverse. The inverse affine transformation is as follows: 1. [ b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 ] = [ 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 ...
The Rijndael S-box was specifically designed to be resistant to linear and differentialcryptanalysis. This was done by minimizing the correlation between linear transformations of input/output bits, and at the same time minimizing the difference propagation probability. The Rijndael S-box can be replaced in the Rijndael cipher,which defeats the sus...
Hong Kong Outstanding Teens Election. The Hong Kong Outstanding Teens Election ( Chinese: 香港傑出少年選舉) is a biannual election in Hong Kong. It aims at recognizing exceptional personal achievement or overcoming of challenges, encouraging contribution to society, and impacting other young people with winners' personal stories.
In Hong Kong, assisted-living facilities, referred to by the government as residential care homes, are available for those 65 or over (or starting at the age of 60, if a need is proven). Overview The territory's Social Welfare Department administers a licensing regime to regulate residential care homes, under the Residential Care Homes (Elderly Persons) Ordinance, which was enacted in 1995.
Ventura International (or VENTURA_INT) is an 8-bit character encoding created by Ventura Software for use with Ventura Publisher. Ventura International is based on the GEM character set, but ¢ and ø are swapped and ¥ and Ø are swapped so that it is more similar to code page 437 (on which GEM was based, but GEM is more similar to code page 865 because the placement of Ø and ø in GEM match ...
e. An opcode table (also called an opcode matrix) is a visual representation of all opcodes in an instruction set. It is arranged such that each axis of the table represents an upper or lower nibble, which combined form the full byte of the opcode. Additional opcode tables can exist for additional instructions created using an opcode prefix .
