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ATU develops 130 gongbans annually in areas ranging from smart phones, tablets, smart watches, smart homes, and industrial controls—and distributes the designs for free. WPI then makes money by trading in the boards’ components. "We call this shanzhai in Shenzhen. It’s a mass production artwork,” explains Lawrence Lin head of the ...
Loevinger conceived of an ego-development system which closely resembles moral development, but is broader in scope and uses empirical methods of study. She created an objective test of mothers' attitudes to problems in family life, which Loevinger called the Family Problems Scale.
- Definition
- Introduction
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"A gift economy is a social theory in which goods and services are given without any explicit agreement for immediate or future quid pro quo. Typically, a gift economy occurs in a culture that emphasizes social or intangible rewards for solidarity and generosity: honor, loyalty or other forms of gratitude.In some cases, simultaneous or recurring gi...
The internet is often called a "gift economy". However, in P2P Theory, I argue that peer production is not a form of reciprocity-based gift economy, but non-reciprocal communal shareholding. For more information on this argument, see here at http://www.p2pfoundation.net/3.4_Placing_P2P_in_an_intersubjective_typology However, both peer production an...
Gifford Pinchot : "In the potlatches of the Chinook, Nootka, and other Pacific Northwest peoples, chiefs vied to give the most blankets and other valuables. More generally, in hunter-gatherer societies the hunter's status was not determined by how much of the kill he ate, but rather by what he brought back for others. In his brilliant book The Gift...
Five dimensions of online giving, by Jorgen Skageby athttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-06/ip-tfd061307.php "There are five dimensions to gift giving among users of online communities, Skågeby explains. These are "initiative" in which an individual decides spontaneously to give a gift to another member of the community. This can be active...
Johan Soderbergh on the gift economy: "On the question if peer-to-peer is a gift economy, I take a slightly different viewpoint on what archaic gift economy is really about. In my mind, when discussed on the Internet, the focus has wrongly been on gift economy as an inversion of the logic of market economy, where accumulation of capital is simply r...
Eric Raymond on the Hacker Culture as a Gift Economy
Eric Raymond : "To understand the role of reputation in the open-source culture, it is helpful to move from history further into anthropology and economics, and examine the difference between exchange cultures and gift cultures. Human beings have an innate drive to compete for social status; it's wired in by our evolutionary history. For the 90% of that history that ran before the invention of agriculture, our ancestors lived in small nomadic hunting-gathering bands. High-status individuals (...
Richard Barbrook. The High-tech Gift Economy URL = http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue3_12/barbrook/ This is a seminal essay that was often discussed during the first phase of the dotcom era. Abstract from First Monday: "During the Sixties, the New Left created a new form of radical politics: anarcho-communism. Above all, the Situationists and s...
The Potlach Protocolproposal for a decentralized gift economyMaría Suárez: The gift economy in the NetContextual Citation Liz Barry: "Thanks to the rise of the Internet, many people around the world are today sending many signals to many other people and/or governments with many tools, most of which were never designed for diverse constituencies to ...
“Tor is free software and an open network that helps you defend against a form of network surveillance that threatens personal freedom and privacy…” Contents. 1 Description. 2 Discussion. 2.1 On the proper usage of Tor. 2.2 The Military Background to Tor. 3 Evaluation. 4 Tutorial: Anonymous Blogging using Tor. 4.1 Step 1: Disguise your IP.
= "LandMark is a dynamic, online mapping platform that provides critical information on the collective land and natural resource rights of Indigenous Peoples and ...
The idea of hierarchy is breaking down everywhere, from politics to religion to social relationships—why should leadership be any different? Mila Baker’s inspiration for a new way to lead is the peer-to-peer model of computing, which is also mirrored in social networking and crowdsource technologies.
