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- History
- Main Line: 2.exd5
- Alternatives to 2.exd5
- See Also
- Further Reading
Origin
The Scandinavian Defense is one of the oldest recorded openings, first recorded as a fictional game between Francesc de Castellví and Narcís Vinyoles in Valencia around 1475 in what may be the first recorded game of modern chess. It was also listed in the 1497 Lucena's book "Repetition of Love and the Art of Playing Chess with 150 Games".
19th and early 20th centuries
Analysis by Scandinavian masters in the late 19th century showed it is playable for Black; Ludvig Collijn played the opening with success. Although the Scandinavian Defense has never enjoyed widespread popularity among top-flight players, Joseph Henry Blackburne and Jacques Mieses often played it, and greatly developed its theory in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was an occasional choice in this era for top players including Siegbert Tarrasch, Rudolph Spielmann, and Savielly Tarta...
Modern era
A regular user from the 1950s onwards was Yugoslav International Master (IM) Nikola Karaklajic, but a lengthy period of non-support by top players ended by the 1960s, when former world championship finalist David Bronstein and women's world champion Nona Gaprindashvili played it occasionally. Danish grandmaster (GM) Bent Larsen, a four-time world championship candidate, played it occasionally from the 1960s onwards; he defeated World Champion Anatoly Karpov with it at Montreal 1979, spurring...
White normally continues 2.exd5 where Black has two major continuations: 2...Qxd5 and 2...Nf6 (the Modern Scandinavian). The rare gambit 2...c6 (the Blackburne-Kloosterboer Gambit) was played successfully by Joseph Blackburneon at least one occasion, but after 3.dxc6 is thought to be unsound and is almost never seen in master-level play.
There are several ways for White to avoid the main lines of the Scandinavian Defense. One option is to defer or avoid the exchange of e-pawn for d-pawn. This is most often done by 2.Nc3, which transposes into the Dunst Openingafter 2...d4 or 2...dxe4. If instead 2.e5?! is played, Black can play 2...c5, develop the queen's bishop, and play ...e7–e6,...
Anderson, Selby (1997). The Center Counter Defense: The Portuguese Variation. Pickard & Son. ISBN 1-886846-10-3.Bauer, Christian (2010). Play the Scandinavian. Quality Chess. ISBN 978-1-906552-55-8.Houska, Jovanka (2009). Starting Out: The Scandinavian. Everyman Chess. ISBN 978-1-85744-582-4.Kasparov, Sergey (2015). Understanding the Scandinavian. Gambit. ISBN 978-1-910093-65-8.Wikipedia, a free-content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers known as Wikipedians, began with its first edit on 15 January 2001, two days after the domain was registered. [2] It grew out of Nupedia, a more structured free encyclopedia, as a way to allow easier and faster drafting of articles and translations.
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