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List of file signatures. This is a list of file signatures, data used to identify or verify the content of a file. Such signatures are also known as magic numbers or Magic Bytes. Many file formats are not intended to be read as text. If such a file is accidentally viewed as a text file, its contents will be unintelligible.
UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit.[1] UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064[a] valid Unicode code points using one to four one-byte (8-bit) code units. Code points with lower numerical ...
- Forward S-Box
- Inverse S-Box
- Design Criteria
The S-box maps an 8-bit input, c, to an 8-bit output, s = S(c). Both the input and output are interpreted as polynomials over GF(2). First, the input is mapped to its multiplicative inverse in GF(28) = GF(2) [x]/(x8 + x4 + x3 + x + 1), Rijndael's finite field. Zero, as the identity, is mapped to itself. This transformation is known as the Nyberg S-...
The inverse S-box is simply the S-box run in reverse. For example, the inverse S-box of b816 is 9a16. It is calculated by first calculating the inverse affine transformation of the input value, followed by the multiplicative inverse. The inverse affine transformation is as follows: 1. [ b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 ] = [ 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 ...
The Rijndael S-box was specifically designed to be resistant to linear and differentialcryptanalysis. This was done by minimizing the correlation between linear transformations of input/output bits, and at the same time minimizing the difference propagation probability. The Rijndael S-box can be replaced in the Rijndael cipher,which defeats the sus...
The Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited (ASTRI) was established by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government in 2000 as an R&D centre for information and communications technologies. [1] The Institute states its objective as 'enhancing Hong Kong’s competitiveness in technology-based ...
The Municipal Solid Waste Charging Scheme (Hong Kong), also known as the Waste Disposal (Charging for Municipal Solid Waste) (Amendment) Bill 2018, is [1] a system for managing solid waste in Hong Kong. It implements legislation that takes effect on 1 April 2024. It adopts the 'polluter-pay' principle as first suggested by the government in 2005.
Ventura International (or VENTURA_INT) is an 8-bit character encoding created by Ventura Software for use with Ventura Publisher. Ventura International is based on the GEM character set, but ¢ and ø are swapped and ¥ and Ø are swapped so that it is more similar to code page 437 (on which GEM was based, but GEM is more similar to code page 865 because the placement of Ø and ø in GEM match ...
Chief Executive: John Lee Office of the Chief Executive Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the HKSAR Principal officials Chief Secretary: Eric Chan Financial Secretary: Paul Chan Secretary for Justice: Paul Lam Executive Council Convenor: Regina Ip ...
