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Taiwan,[II][k] officially the Republic of China (ROC),[I][l] is a country[27] in East Asia.[o] It is located at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ...
You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any ...
What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Get shortened URL Download QR code Wikidata item Here are all the uppercase one-, two-, and three-letter shortcuts on Wikipedia. Enable Popups to find out what they are by hovering over them.
UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding standard used for electronic communication. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode Transformation Format – 8-bit. [1] UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 [a] valid Unicode code points using one to four one- byte (8-bit) code units.
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The Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme HTTPS has identical usage syntax to the HTTP scheme. However, HTTPS signals the browser to use an added encryption layer of SSL/TLS to protect the traffic. SSL/TLS is especially suited for HTTP, since it can provide some protection even if only one side of the communication is authenticated. This is the ...
The security of HTTPS is that of the underlying TLS, which typically uses long-term public and private keys to generate a short-term session key, which is then used to encrypt the data flow between the client and the server. X.509 certificates are used to authenticate the server (and sometimes the client as well). As a consequence, certificate auth...
Difference from HTTP
HTTPS URLs begin with "https://" and use port 443 by default, whereas, HTTPURLs begin with "http://" and use port 80 by default. HTTP is not encrypted and thus is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle and eavesdropping attacks, which can let attackers gain access to website accounts and sensitive information, and modify webpages to inject malwareor advertisements. HTTPS is designed to withstand such attacks and is considered secure against them (with the exception of HTTPS implementations that use...
Network layers
HTTP operates at the highest layer of the TCP/IP model—the application layer; as does the TLS security protocol (operating as a lower sublayer of the same layer), which encrypts an HTTP message prior to transmission and decrypts a message upon arrival. Strictly speaking, HTTPS is not a separate protocol, but refers to the use of ordinary HTTP over an encryptedSSL/TLS connection. HTTPS encrypts all message contents, including the HTTP headers and the request/response data. With the exception o...
Server setup
To prepare a web server to accept HTTPS connections, the administrator must create a public key certificate for the web server. This certificate must be signed by a trusted certificate authority for the web browser to accept it without warning. The authority certifies that the certificate holder is the operator of the web server that presents it. Web browsers are generally distributed with a list of signing certificates of major certificate authoritiesso that they can verify certificates sign...
Netscape Communications created HTTPS in 1994 for its Netscape Navigator web browser. Originally, HTTPS was used with the SSL protocol. As SSL evolved into Transport Layer Security (TLS), HTTPS was formally specified by RFC 2818 in May 2000. Google announced in February 2018 that its Chrome browser would mark HTTP sites as "Not Secure" after July 2...
Bullrun (decryption program) – a secret anti-encryption program run by the US National Security AgencyAn A4 paper sheet folded into two A5 size pages. ISO 216 is an international standard for paper sizes, used around the world except in North America and parts of Latin America. The standard defines the " A ", " B " and " C " series of paper sizes, which includes the A4, the most commonly available paper size worldwide.
Baidu Baike ( / ˈbaɪduː ˈbaɪkə /; Chinese: 百度 百科; pinyin: Bǎidù Bǎikē; lit. 'Baidu Encyclopedia', also known as Baidu Wiki [2]) is a semi-regulated Chinese -language collaborative online encyclopedia owned by the Chinese technology company Baidu. [1] The beta version was launched on April 20, 2006, [1] and the official version ...
