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  1. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › SiliconSilicon - Wikipedia

    Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table: carbon is above it; and germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium are below it. It is relatively unreactive ...

  2. Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, commonly found in nature as quartz.[5][6] In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is abundant as it comprises several minerals and synthetic products. All forms are white or colorless, although impure samples can be ...

    • 2,950 °C (5,340 °F; 3,220 K)
    • 1,713 °C (3,115 °F; 1,986 K) (amorphous): 4.88  to
    • SiO₂
    • 60.08 g/mol
    • History
    • Chemical and Physical Properties
    • Production
    • Manufacturing from Polypropylene
    • Applications
    • Repairing
    • Health Concerns
    • Combustibility
    • External Links

    Phillips Petroleum chemists J. Paul Hogan and Robert Banks first demonstrated the polymerization of propylene in 1951. The stereoselective polymerization to the isotactic was discovered by Giulio Natta and Karl Rehn in March 1954. This pioneering discovery led to large-scale commercial production of isotactic polypropylene by the Italian firm Monte...

    Polypropylene is in many aspects similar to polyethylene, especially in solution behavior and electrical properties. The methyl group improves mechanical properties and thermal resistance, although the chemical resistance decreases.: 19 The properties of polypropylene depend on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, crystallinity, ...

    Polypropylene is produced by the chain-growth polymerization of propene: The industrial production processes can be grouped into gas phase polymerization, bulk polymerization and slurrypolymerization. All state-of-the-art processes use either gas-phase or bulk reactor systems. 1. In gas-phase and slurry-reactors, the polymer is formed around hetero...

    Melting process of polypropylene can be achieved via extrusion and molding. Common extrusion methods include production of melt-blown and spun-bond fibers to form long rolls for future conversion into a wide range of useful products, such as face masks, filters, diapers and wipes. The most common shaping technique is injection molding, which is use...

    As polypropylene is resistant to fatigue, most plastic living hinges, such as those on flip-top bottles, are made from this material. However, it is important to ensure that chain molecules are oriented across the hinge to maximise strength. Polypropylene is used in the manufacturing of piping systems, both ones concerned with high purity and ones ...

    PP objects can be joined with a two-part epoxyglue or using hot-glue guns. PP can be melted using a speed tip weldingtechnique. With speed welding, the plastic welder, similar to a soldering iron in appearance and wattage, is fitted with a feed tube for the plastic weld rod. The speed tip heats the rod and the substrate, while at the same time it p...

    The advocacy organization Environmental Working Group classifies PP as of low to moderate hazard.[why?]PP is dope-dyed; no water is used in its dyeing, in contrast with cotton.

    Like all organic compounds, polypropylene is combustible. The flash point of a typical composition is 260 °C; autoignition temperatureis 388 °C.

  3. Silicon Valley is a region in Northern California that is a global center for high technology and innovation. Located in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area, it corresponds roughly to the geographical area of the Santa Clara Valley. [1] [2] [3] The term "Silicon Valley" refers to the area in which high-tech business has proliferated ...