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Human papillomavirus infection ( HPV infection) is caused by a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family. [5] Many HPV infections cause no symptoms and 90% resolve spontaneously within two years. [1] In some cases, an HPV infection persists and results in either warts or precancerous lesions. [2] These lesions, depending on the site affected ...
- Human papillomavirus spread by direct contact
- None, warts
- Most people are infected at some point in time
Robert Francis Kennedy Jr. (born January 17, 1954), also known by his initials RFK Jr., is an American politician, environmental lawyer, anti-vaccine activist, and conspiracy theorist. He is the chairman and founder of Children's Health Defense, an anti-vaccine advocacy group,[1][2] and an independent candidate in the 2024 presidential ...
- 6
- Democratic (until 2023)
- Kennedy family
- Independent (since 2023)
Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, caused by ebolaviruses.[1] Symptoms typically start anywhere between two days and three weeks after infection.[3] The first symptoms are usually fever, sore throat, muscle pain, and headaches.[1] These ...
Frequency. 30 (wild) + 856 (vaccine-derived) in 2022 [4] Poliomyelitis ( / ˌpoʊlioʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs / POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss ), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. [1] Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; [5] mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion ...
- Uses
- Health Effects
- Available Forms and Nomenclature
- Production
- Safety
- See Also
Medical uses
1. Pharmaceutical-grade PEG is used as an excipientin many pharmaceutical products, in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms. 2. PEG is the basis of a number of laxatives (as MiraLax, RestoraLAX, etc.). Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy or for children with constipation. Macrogol (with brand names such as Laxido, GoLytely and Miralax) is the generic name for polyethylene glycol used as a laxa...
Chemical uses
1. Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluidin electronic testers. 2. PEG is frequently used to preserve waterlogged wood and other organic artifacts that have been salvaged from underwater archaeological contexts, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm, and similar cases. It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when...
Biological uses
1. An example study was done using PEG-diacrylate hydrogels to recreate vascular environments with the encapsulation of endothelial cells and macrophages. This model furthered vascular disease modeling and isolated macrophage phenotype's effect on blood vessels. 2. PEG is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions. Although polyethylene glycol is considered biologically inert, it can form non-covalent complexes with monovalent cations such...
PEG is considered biologically inert and safe by the U.S. FDA. However, a growing body of evidence shows the existence of a detectable level of anti-PEG antibodies in approximately 72% of the population, never treated with PEGylated drugs, based on plasma samples from 1990 to 1999.[further explanation needed] Due to its ubiquity in a multitude of p...
PEG, PEO, and POE refer to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide. The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more prevalent in the field of polymer chemistry. Because different applications require different polymer chain lengths, PEG has tended to refer to oligomers and p...
The production of polyethylene glycol was first reported in 1859. Both A. V. Lourenço and Charles Adolphe Wurtz independently isolated products that were polyethylene glycols. Polyethylene glycol is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers. The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic c...
PEO's have "very low singledose oral toxicity", on the order of 10's of grams per kg body weight (oral). Because of its low toxicity, PEO is used in a variety of edible products.The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments. The precursor to PEGs is ethylene oxide, which is hazardous. Ethy...
