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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 (c. 1881 – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938.
- Office established
- Fevzi Çakmak
- İsmet İnönü
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea (and Cyprus) to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west.
Istanbul. / 41.01361°N 28.95500°E / 41.01361; 28.95500. Istanbul [a] is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia. It is considered the country's economic, cultural and historic capital. The city has a population of over 15 million residents, comprising 19% of the population of ...
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan[b] (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey. He previously served as prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), which he co-founded in 2001. He also served as mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. Erdoğan was born in Beyoğlu ...
- Ahmet Necdet Sezer, Abdullah Gül
- History
- Further Reading
During the first half of the 19th century, with the adoption of western models of trade and finance, foreign banks began their activities in the Ottoman Empire. At that period, there was not enough capital to found a national banking system and no one could mention the existence of national banks as a source of capital. This situation was more harm...
Ziraat Bank Annual Report 2018 (PDF), Ziraat Bank, 2018, archived from the original (PDF)on 2020-04-21
- 1863 (as Memleket Sandıkları)
- ₺24.554 billion (2018)
- 25,697 (2020)
Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire, [j] historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, [22] [23] was an imperial realm [k] that spanned much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Name. He is most commonly called Rumi in English. His full name is given by his contemporary Sipahsalar as Muhammad bin Muhammad bin al-Husayn al-Khatibi al-Balkhi al-Bakri ( Arabic: محمد بن محمد بن الحسين الخطيبي البلخي البكري ). [28] He is more commonly known as Molānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī ...
