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Osaka (Japanese: 大阪市, Hepburn: Ōsaka-shi, pronounced; commonly just 大阪, Ōsaka ) is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan, and one of the three major cities of Japan (Tokyo-Osaka-Nagoya).It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third-most populous city in Japan, following the special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama.
Japan is an island country in East Asia.It is in the northwest Pacific Ocean and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans an archipelago of 14,125 islands, with the five main islands being Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland ...
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Leucippus was a Greek philosopher of the 5th century BCE. He is credited with founding atomism, with his student Democritus. Leucippus divided the world into two entities: atoms, indivisible particles that make up all things, and the void, the nothingness between the atoms. Leucippus's ideas were influential in ancient and Renaissance philosophy.
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The Japanese word for a Buddhist temple, tera(寺), was anciently also written phonetically 天良, tera, and is cognate with the Modern Korean Chǒl from Middle Korean Tiel, the Jurchen Taira and the reconstructed Old Chinese *dɘiaʁ, all meaning "Buddhist monastery". These words are apparently derived from the Aramaic word for "Monastery" dērā/ dairā/ dē...
In Japan, Buddhist temples co-exist with Shinto shrines and both share the basic features of Japanese traditional architecture. Both torii and rōmon mark the entrance to a shrine, as well as to temples, although torii is associated with Shinto and rōmon with Buddhism. Some shrines, for example Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū, have a Buddhist-style main gate...
General features
Buddhist architecture in Japan is not native, but imported from China and other Asian cultures over the centuries with such constancy that the building styles of all Six Dynasties are represented. Its history is, as a consequence, dominated by Chinese and other Asian techniques and styles (present even in Ise Shrine, held to be the quintessence of Japanese architecture) on one side, and by Japanese original variations on those themes on the other. Partly due also to the variety of climates in...
Four great temples of the seventh century
There are four great temples of the seventh century: Asukadera, Kudara Odera, Kawaradera and Yakushiji.
History
The architecture of Buddhist temples, as that of any structure, has changed and developed over the centuries. However, while the particular details may vary, the general themes and styles have strong similarities and common origins. The already mentioned Hōryū-ji was one of the first Buddhist temples built in Japan. Its primary structures represent the style current in 6th century CE Sui dynasty China. The Kondō(Golden Hall) is a double-roofed structure, supported by thick, strong pillars, an...
chōzuya (手水舎) – see temizuya.chūmon (中門) – in a temple, the gate after the naindaimon connected to a kairō. See also mon.A temple's name (jigō(寺号) or jimyō(寺名)) is usually made of three parts. The first is the sangō(山号, mountain name), the second is the ingō(院号, cloister name) and the third is the san'in-jigō(山院寺号, temple name).
Fletcher, Sir Banister; Cruickshank, Dan (1996) [1896]. Sir Banister Fletcher's a history of architecture (20th illustrated ed.). Architectural Press. ISBN 0-7506-2267-9. Retrieved 2009-11-11.Fujita Masaya, Koga Shūsaku, ed. (April 10, 1990). Nihon Kenchiku-shi (in Japanese) (September 30, 2008 ed.). Shōwa-dō. ISBN 4-8122-9805-9.Kamakura Shōkō Kaigijo (2008). Kamakura Kankō Bunka Kentei Kōshiki Tekisutobukku (in Japanese). Kamakura: Kamakura Shunshūsha. ISBN 978-4-7740-0386-3.Cluzel, Jean-Sébastien (October 2008). Architecture éternelle du Japon - De l'histoire aux mythes. Dijon: Editions Faton. ISBN 978-2-87844-107-9.
Japanese (日本語, Nihongo, [ɲihoŋɡo] ⓘ) is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people. It has around 120 million speakers, primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages ...
126,226,568. −0.7%. Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. As of 2017, Japan was the world's eleventh-most populous country. The total population had declined by 0.8 percent from the time of the census five years previously, the first time it had declined since the 1945 census.
The Empire of Japan, [e] also referred to as the Japanese Empire, Imperial Japan, or simply Japan, was the Japanese nation-state [f] that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the reformed Constitution of Japan in 1947. [8] From 29 August 1910 to 2 September 1945, the Empire of Japan included the naichi ( present-day ...
