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Japan is an island country in East Asia.It is in the northwest Pacific Ocean and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans an archipelago of 14,125 islands, with the five main islands being Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland ...
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Shinto. The torii gateway to the Itsukushima Shrine in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, one of the most famous examples of torii in the country. [1] Torii mark the entrance to Shinto shrines and are recognizable symbols of the religion. Shinto ( Japanese: 神道, romanized : Shintō) is a religion originating from Japan.
Japanese (日本語, Nihongo, [ɲihoŋɡo] ⓘ) is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people. It has around 120 million speakers, primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages ...
t. e. The first human inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago have been traced to the Paleolithic, around 38–39,000 years ago. [1] The Jōmon period, named after its cord-marked pottery, was followed by the Yayoi period in the first millennium BC when new inventions were introduced from Asia.
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Originally conceived as fortresses for military defense, Japanese castles were placed in strategic locations, typically along trade routes, roads, and rivers. Though castles continued to be built with these considerations, for centuries, fortresses were also built as centres of governance. By the Sengoku period, they had come to serve as the homes ...
Japanese castles were built in a variety of environments, but all were constructed within variations of a fairly well-defined architectural scheme. Yamajiro(山城), or "mountain castles", were the most common, and provided the best natural defenses. However, castles built on flat plains (平城, hirajiro) and those built on lowlands hills (平山城, hirayamaji...
Aerial views of Japanese castles reveal a consistent military strategy that informs the over-all planning for each unique location. 1. Aerial view of Edo Castle—today the location of Tokyo Imperial Palace 2. Aerial view of Sunpu Castle 3. Aerial view of Nagoya Castle 4. Aerial view of Fukuoka Castle 5. Aerial view of Hirosaki Castle 6. Aerial view ...
Benesch, Oleg. "Castles and the Militarisation of Urban Society in Imperial Japan," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 28 (Dec. 2018), pp. 107–134.Benesch, Oleg and Ran Zwigenberg (2019). Japan's Castles: Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 374. ISBN 9781108481946.Clements, Jonathan (2010). A Brief History of the Samurai: A New History of the Warrior Elite. London: Constable and Robinson.De Lange, William (2021). An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles. Groningen: Toyo Press. pp. 600 pages. ISBN 978-9492722300.Cluzel, Jean-Sébastien (2008). Architecture éternelle du Japon – De l'histoire aux mythes. Dijon: Editions Faton. ISBN 978-2-87844-107-9.De Lange, William (2021). An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles. Groningen: Toyo Press. pp. 600 pages. ISBN 978-9492722300.Schmorleitz, Morton S. (1974). Castles in Japan. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co. ISBN 0-8048-1102-4.Motoo, Hinago (1986). Japanese Castles. Tokyo: Kodansha. ISBN 0-87011-766-1.130+ Japanese Castles Archived 2017-03-02 at the Wayback MachineGoJapanGo.comBird Tanchō (red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis) Flower Hamanasu (rugosa rose, Rosa rugosa) Mascot Kyun-chan (キュンちゃん) Tree Ezomatsu (Jezo spruce, Picea jezoensis) Hokkaido (Japanese: 北海道, Hepburn: Hokkaidō, pronounced [hokka idoː] , lit. ' Northern Sea Circuit ') is the second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own ...
Unit 731 was responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes committed by the Japanese armed forces. It routinely conducted tests on people who were dehumanized and internally referred to as "logs".
