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搜尋結果
The Chernobyl disaster [a] began on 26 April 1986 with the explosion of the No. 4 reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR, close to the border with the Byelorussian SSR, in the Soviet Union. [1] It is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity ...
- Reactor design and operator error
- INES Level 7 (major accident)
- 26 April 1986; 37 years ago
Excess steam from the drywell enters the wetwell water pool via downcomer pipes. SFP: spent fuel pool area SCSW: secondary concrete shield wall. The Fukushima nuclear accident was a major nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima, Japan which began on March 11, 2011.
- 11 March 2011; 12 years ago
- INES Level 7 (major accident)
- 1 confirmed from radiation (lung cancer, 4 years later), and 2,202 from evacuation.
This is a list of accidents and disasters by death toll. It shows the number of fatalities associated with various explosions, structural fires, flood disasters, coal mine disasters, and other notable accidents caused by negligence connected to improper architecture, planning, construction, design, and more. Purposeful disasters, such as ...
- The Nightclub
- Fire
- Victims
- Investigation
- Aftermath
- Depiction in Media
- Additional Reading
The building which housed the Stardust was built in 1948. It was initially a food factory, operated by Scott's Foods Ltd. In 1978, the owners of Scott's, the Butterly family, converted the premises into an amenity centre, consisting of a bar, The Silver Swan, a function room, The Lantern Rooms, and a nightclub, The Stardust. The club premises consi...
Beginning
The fire occurred on 14 February 1981 around 1:30am, with multiple patrons noticing the fire in different locations and times within the nightclub. There were 841 patrons gathered in the nightclub for the St Valentines eve disco event, and the owners had been given a Special Exemption Order to serve alcohol between 11pm and 2am. In order for the exemption to be given the event was billed as a "dinner dance". The fire outbreak is believed to have derived from an electrical fault in the room be...
Spread
The fire then spread to tables and chairs, and patrons noticed smoke and smelled burning. The fire was very small when first seen in the Ballroom. By 1:45am, a ferocious burst of heat and thick black smoke started quickly coming from the ceiling, causing the material in the ceiling to melt and drip on top of patrons and other highly flammable materials, including the seats and carpet tiles on the walls. The fire flashoverenveloped the club and the lights failed. This caused mass panic as patr...
Problems escaping
The attendees at a trade union function taking place in the same building escaped, but the escape of the Stardust patrons was hampered by a number of obstructions. Of the five emergency exit doors, most were either locked by padlock or chains or blocked by tables or vehicles outside in order to prevent individuals sneaking in. The windows were sealed with metal grilles and steel plates, which were unable to be removed by sledgehammers, axes, and even tow-ropes from individuals outside attempt...
The fatalities included 48 people in total; 46 in the fire and two later on, with the last recorded death occurring on 11 March 1981, and 214 injured. The ages of those who were killed ranged from 16 to 26, and in 23 cases the deceased were the eldest and sole breadwinner for their families.Most of the dead came from Artane, Kilmore and greater Coo...
Initial inquiry
The investigation at the time reported that the fire was arson. A tribunal of inquiry under Justice Ronan Keane, which held its first public meeting 12 days after the fire, concluded in November 1981 that the fire was probably caused by arson. This finding, which was disputed at the time and since, legally exonerated the Butterlys from responsibility. The finding of arson was dismissed in 2009,as there was never any evidence to support the finding. Despite making the arson finding, the inquir...
Compensation tribunal
In 1986 a separate tribunal, called the Victims Compensation Tribunal, was headed by Judge Donal Barrington, solicitor Noel Smith and barrister(now Judge) Hugh O'Flaherty, to focus on monetary compensation for the victims and their families. The three men wrote an opinion after hearing testimony from survivors, victims' family members and friends and coworkers, which called the treatment of the victims after the fire 'neglect' as many had received no medical support.
Demand for new investigations
In 2009, four relatives of those who had died held a sit-in in a security hut at Government Buildings. They were asking the government to publish a report that examined the need to open a new investigation into the disaster. Following these protests, the government commissioned an independent examination by Paul Coffey SCof the case submitted by the Stardust Victims Committee for a Reopened Inquiry into the Stardust Fire Disaster.
The owners, the Butterly family, pursued a claim for compensation against the city because of the arson finding, and were eventually awarded IR£580,000. The aftermath led to a huge number of recommendations being made in relation to fire safety. Comparisons were made to the Summerland disaster of 1973 in the Isle of Manand the lessons learned in th...
"They Never Came Home"
In July 1985, Irish folk singer Christy Moore was found guilty of contempt of court after writing and releasing a song, titled "They Never Came Home", about the plight of the victims, seemingly damning the owners of the nightclub and the government. The song was released on the Ordinary Man album and as the B-side of a single in 1985. The song claimed, "hundreds of children are injured and maimed, and all just because the fire exits were chained". Mr Justice Murphy ordered the Ordinary Man al...
Television
In 2006, Ireland's national broadcaster, Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ), caused controversy by producing a docu-drama about the disaster entitled Stardust, to mark the 25th anniversary of the incident. The series was based on the book They Never Came Home: The Stardust Storyby Neil Fetherstonhaugh and Tony McCullagh. Many families of victims objected to this and were upset by the painful memories it brought up. Reasons for objection included the depiction of the fire and a perceived focus on s...
Tribunal of inquiry on the fire at the Stardust, Artane, Dublin on 14 February 1981 (1982). Report (PDF). Government publications. Vol. Pl.853. Dublin: Stationery Office. Retrieved 28 November 2013...Department of Justice (1986). Scheme of compensation for personal injuries suffered at the Stardust, Artane on the 14th February, 1981 as amended (PDF). Government publications. Vol. Pl.4035. Dubli...Stardust Victims' Compensation Tribunal (1990). Report (PDF). Government publications. Vol. Pl.7831. Dublin: Stationery Office. Retrieved 28 November 2013.Fetherstonhaugh, Neil; McCullagh, Tony (1 January 2006). They Never Came Home: The Stardust Story. Merlin Books, Limited. ISBN 9781903582633.Viviparus georgianus, commonly known as the banded mystery snail, is a species of large freshwater snail in the family Viviparidae, the river snails. It is native to North America, generally found from the northeastern United States to Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, and thrives in eutrophic lentic environments such as lakes, ponds and some low ...
At least 558,125. The Bhopal disaster or Bhopal gas tragedy was a chemical accident on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. In what is considered the world's worst industrial disaster, [3] over 500,000 people in the small towns around the plant were exposed ...
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identified in an outbreak in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China, in December 2019, before it spread to other areas of Asia, and then worldwide in early 2020.
