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  1. 1 天前 · The Battle of Stalingrad[Note 8] (17 July 1942 – 2 February 1943)[27][28][29][30] occurred on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad in what is now southern Russia. The battle ...

    • 23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943, (5 months, 1 week and 3 days)
    • Expulsion of the Axis from the Caucasus, reversing their gains from the 1942 Summer Campaign
  2. 1 天前 · Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin [f] (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; [g] 18 December [ O.S. 6 December] 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian-born Soviet politician and revolutionary who was the longest-serving leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1922 ...

    • 1918–1920, 1941–1953
    • Marshal (from 1943)
    • CPSU (from 1912)
  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › PenicillinPenicillin - Wikipedia

    5 天前 · Penicillins ( P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens. Most penicillins in clinical use are synthesised by P. chrysogenum using deep tank fermentation [2] and then purified. [3] [4] A number of natural penicillins have been discovered, but only two ...

  4. 3 天前 · Joseph Rudyard Kipling (/ ˈ r ʌ d j ər d / RUD-yərd; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was an English novelist, short-story writer, poet, and journalist. He was born in British India, which inspired much of his work.Kipling's works of fiction include the Jungle Book duology (The Jungle Book, 1894; The Second Jungle Book, 1895), Kim (1901), the Just So Stories (1902) and many short ...

  5. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Ayn_RandAyn Rand - Wikipedia

    1 天前 · Ayn Rand. Alice O'Connor (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; [c] February 2 [ O.S. January 20], 1905 – March 6, 1982), better known by her pen name Ayn Rand ( / aɪn / INE ), was a Russian-born American author and philosopher. [3] She is known for her fiction and for developing a philosophical system she named Objectivism.

  6. 1 天前 · Lyndon Baines Johnson (/ ˈ l ɪ n d ə n ˈ b eɪ n z /; August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He became president after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, under whom he had served as the 37th vice president from 1961 to 1963.

  7. 3 天前 · Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered one of the film industry's most important figures. His career spanned more than 75 years, from ...