搜尋結果
其他人也問了
What problems arise when detecting credit card fraud through computational intelligence?
Who urged repression in Cambodia?
Who was convicted of credit card theft in 2009?
Who is the new Cambodian Prime Minister?
t. e. The Cambodian genocide [a] was the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens [b] by the Khmer Rouge under the leadership of Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot. It resulted in the deaths of 1.5 to 2 million people from 1975 to 1979, nearly 25% of Cambodia's population in 1975 ( c. 7.8 million).
- 17 April 1975 – 7 January 1979 (3 years, 8 months and 20 days)
- Democratic Kampuchea
- 1.5 to 2 million
- Khmer Rouge
Cambodia, [a] officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, [b] is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning an area of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 square miles ), bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The capital and most populous city is ...
The man behind one of America's biggest 'fake news' websites is a former BBC worker from London whose mother writes many of his stories. Sean Adl-Tabatabai, 35, runs YourNewsWire.com, the source of scores of dubious news stories, including claims that the Queen had threatened to abdicate if the UK voted against Brexit.
- Means of Payment Card Fraud
- Prevention of Payment Card Fraud
- Detecting Credit Card Fraud Using Technology
- Types of Payment Card Fraud
- Regulation and Governance
- Vendors vs Merchants
- Famous Credit Fraud Attacks
- Disparities and Ethical Dilemmas in Credit Card Fraud
- Additional Technological Features
- External Links
There are two kinds of card fraud: card-present fraud (not so common nowadays) and card-not-present fraud(more common). The compromise can occur in a number of ways and can usually occur without the knowledge of the cardholder. The internet has made database security lapses particularly costly, in some cases, millions of accounts have been compromi...
Card information is stored in a number of formats. Card numbers – formally the Primary Account Number (PAN) – are often embossed or imprinted on the card, and a magnetic stripe on the back contains the data in a machine-readable format. Fields can vary, but the most common include the Name of the cardholder; Card number; Expiration date; and Verifi...
Artificial and Computational intelligence
Given the immense difficulty of detecting credit card fraud, artificial and computational intelligence was developed in order to make machines attempt tasks in which humans are already doing well. Computation intelligence is simply a subset of AI enabling intelligence in a changing environment. Due to advances in both artificial and computational intelligence, the most commonly used and suggested ways to detect credit card fraud are rule induction techniques, decision trees, neural networks,...
Machine learning
Touching a little more on the difficulties of credit card fraud detection, even with more advances in learning and technology every day, companies refuse to share their algorithms and techniques to outsiders. Additionally, fraud transactions are only about 0.01–0.05% of daily transactions, making it even more difficult to spot. Machine learning is similar to artificial intelligence where it is a sub field of AI where statistics is a subdivision of mathematics. With regards to machine learning...
Application fraud
Application fraud takes place when a person uses stolen or fake documents to open an account in another person's name. Criminals may steal or fake documents such as utility bills and bank statements to build up a personal profile. When an account is opened using fake or stolen documents, the fraudster could then withdraw cash or obtain credit in the victim's name. Application fraud can also occur using a synthetic identity which is similar to the fake documents mentioned above. A synthetic id...
Account takeover
An account takeover refers to the act by which fraudsters will attempt to assume control of a customer's account (i.e. credit cards, email, banks, SIM card and more). Control at the account level offers high returns for fraudsters. According to Forrester, risk-based authentication (RBA) plays a key role in risk mitigation. A fraudster uses parts of the victim's identity such as an email address to gain access to financial accounts. This individual then intercepts communication about the accou...
Social engineering fraud
Social engineeringfraud can occur when a criminal poses as someone else which results in a voluntary transfer of money or information to the fraudster. Fraudsters are turning to more sophisticated methods of scamming people and businesses out of money. A common tactic is sending spoof emails impersonating a senior member of staff and trying to deceive employees into transferring money to a fraudulent bank account. Fraudsters may use a variety of techniques in order to solicit personal informa...
United States
While not federally mandated in the United States PCI DSSis mandated by the Payment Card Industry Security Standard Council, which is composed of major credit card brands and maintains this as an industry standard. Some states have incorporated the standard into their laws.
United Kingdom
In the UK, credit cards are regulated by the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (amended 2006). This provides a number of protections and requirements. Any misuse of the card, unless deliberately criminal on the part of the cardholder, must be refunded by the merchant or card issuer. The regulation of banks in the United Kingdom is undertaken by the: Bank of England (BoE); Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) a division of the BoE; and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) who manages the day to day o...
Australia
In Australia, credit card fraud is considered a form of identity crime. The Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centrehas established standard definitions in relation to identity crime for use by law enforcement across Australia: 1. The term identityencompasses the identity of natural persons (living or deceased) and the identity of bodies corporate 2. Identity fabricationdescribes the creation of a fictitious identity 3. Identity manipulationdescribes the alteration of one's own iden...
To prevent vendors from being "charged back" for fraud transactions, merchants can sign up for services offered by Visa and MasterCard called Verified by Visa and MasterCard SecureCode, under the umbrella term 3-D Secure. This requires consumers to add additional information to confirm a transaction.[citation needed] Often enough online merchants d...
Between July 2005 and mid-January 2007, a breach of systems at TJX Companies exposed data from more than 45.6 million credit cards. Albert Gonzalez is accused of being the ringleader of the group responsible for the thefts. In August 2009 Gonzalez was also indicted for the biggest known credit card theft to date – information from more than 130 mil...
Generation Differences 1. Millennials are the biggest victims of all fraud, including credit and debit card fraud, digital wallet, digital payment, banking and tax fraud. Followed by them are the GenXers and then the GenZers. 2. Millennials spend the most time trying to recover money lost due to fraudulent charges, disputing fraudulent charges, and...
The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) is a partnership between the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the National White Collar Crime Center(NW3C).Internet Fraud, with a section "Avoiding Credit Card Fraud", at the Federal Bureau of InvestigationwebsiteClone phishing is a type of attack where a legitimate email with an attachment or link is copied and modified to contain malicious content. The modified email is then sent from a fake address made to look like it's from the original sender. The attack may appear to be a resend or update of the original email.
J. Robert Oppenheimer (born Julius Robert Oppenheimer; / ˈ ɒ p ən h aɪ m ər / OP-ən-hy-mər; April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist.He was director of the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II and is often called the "father of the atomic bomb". ...
Douglas MacArthur (26 January 1880 – 5 April 1964) was an American military leader who served as General of the Army for the United States, as well as a field marshal to the Philippine Army.He served with distinction in World War I, was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II.
