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Discussion Philip Clayton: "The Chinese contributions to process thought over the last two decades have been very significant. Although it has supporters in many parts of the world, process philosophy has grown more quickly in China than any other nation. More ...
2010年7月9日 · Bitchun Society. = "Bitchun Society" is the dominant Earth culture in which rejuvenation and body-enhancement have made death obsolete, material goods are no longer scarce, and everyone is granted basic rights that in our present age are mostly considered luxuries. [1] Together with the Whuffie reputation currency, features in Cory Doctorow's ...
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Garrett Hardin, in a classic and often quoted essay, had argued that the Commons inevitably leads to the abuse of common resources. The author himself "has criticized misinterpretations of his work with the lament that "The title of my 1968 paper should have been The Tragedy of the Unmanaged Commons.(cited here ) Please also read this Refutation of...
"The tragedy of the commons is a type of social trap that involves a conflict over resources between individual interests and the common good. The term derives originally from a parable published by William Forster Lloyd in his 1833 book on population. It was then popularized and extended by Garrett Hardin in his 1968 Science essay "The Tragedy of ...
Maebh O’Gorman: "The ‘tragedy of the commons’ refers to the situation when individuals, acting rationally intheir own self‐interest, nonetheless act irrationally as a collective group by irreparablydepleting a resource that is owned in common. The current climate change crisis is anexample of ‘the tragedy’ on a global scale. In the same way that a ...
1. "Hardin explains his “Tragedy of the Commons in the following way. “Picture a pasture open to all. It is to be expected that each herdsman will try to keep as many cattle as possible on the commons. “As a rational being, each herdsman seeks to maximize his gain. The rational herdsman concludes that the only sensible course for him to pursue is t...
See also the in-depth discussion in The Tragedy of the “Tragedy of the Commons”. By Achim Lerch.(was at www.boell.org/downloads/Lerch_Tragedy.pdf - gone away 2017)
The mainstream 'Leviathan' approach proposed by Ophuls
Maebh O'Gorman: "The mainstream approach to tackling ‘tragedy of the commons’ issues relies upon controland coercion by a centralised institution. This Leviathan model is favoured by scholars, suchas Ophuls, who believe that the participants are incapable of solving the problemthemselves. This however is disputed by Ostrom who argues that that approach assumesaccuracy of information while ignoring the costs of its administration.8 Ostrom’s polycentricapproach advocates enabling the users of t...
Ugo Mattei: "Tragedy of the Commons: Two World Views in Conflict Competition v. Cooperation "As Adam Smith put it, “We are not ready to suspect any person of being defective in selfishness.” To put is quite simply, this is the central assumption underpinning Hardin’s analysis. Only the crude application of the model of homo oeconomicus , an individual maximizer of short-time utility, explains the results (and academic success) of the so-called “tragedy of the commons.” In fact, the well known...
Original article at https://science.sciencemag.org/content/162/3859/1243.fullEssay by Elinor Ostrom: Coping with Tragedies of the CommonsRefutation of the Tragedy of the Commons; The Non-Tragedy of the Commons1 1. Introduction to the Commons and P2P Dynamics: The Basic Concepts 1.1 1.1 The commons and P2P dynamics 1.2 1.2 Cosmo-local production 2 2. Advantages, Opportunities and Challenges of Commoning in an Urban Context 2.1 2.1 The main advantages of urban commons ...
2023年10月21日 · Contents. 1 Source. 2 Discussion. 2.1 The Evolution of Modes of Exchange in the Context of P2P Theory. 2.2 Kojin Karatani on why he wrote the book, Structure of World History. Source. The Structure of World History: From Modes of Production to Modes of Exchange. by Kojin Karatani. Duke University Press, 2014.
Description. A leadership philosophy that aligns individual and group values, mission, actions, structures, and systems around a shared understanding of, and adherence to, clearly defined principles of justice. To value oneself and, at the same time, subordinate oneself to higher purposes and principles is the paradoxical essence of highest ...
= "the universe is not static. It actually had a beginning and has been transforming ever since. The human, in this model, emerged out of, and is part of, the ...
