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  1. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Ion_pumpIon pump - Wikipedia

    An ion pump (also referred to as a sputter ion pump) is a type of vacuum pump which operates by sputtering a metal getter.Under ideal conditions, ion pumps are capable of reaching pressures as low as 10 −11 mbar. An ion pump first ionizes gas within the vessel it is attached to and employs a strong electrical potential, typically 3–7 kV, which accelerates the ions into a solid electrode.

  2. Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or the fluid's potential energy.: Ch.3 : 156–164, 3.5 The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, who published it in his book ...

  3. A diode-pumped solid-state laser ( DPSSL) is a solid-state laser made by pumping a solid gain medium, for example, a ruby or a neodymium-doped YAG crystal, with a laser diode . DPSSLs have advantages in compactness and efficiency over other types, and high power DPSSLs have replaced ion lasers and flashlamp-pumped lasers in many scientific ...

  4. The photo on the right shows the head assembled. Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser. The energy is absorbed in the medium, producing excited states in its atoms. When for a period of time the number of particles in one excited state exceeds the number of particles in the ground ...

  5. Top: Lightning and neon lights are commonplace generators of plasma. Bottom left: A plasma globe, illustrating some of the more complex plasma phenomena, including filamentation. Bottom right: A plasma trail from the Space Shuttle Atlantis during re-entry into Earth's atmosphere, as seen from the International Space Station. Plasma (from ...

  6. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › TransistorTransistor - Wikipedia

    A small current at the base terminal, flowing between the base and the emitter, can control or switch a much larger current between the collector and emitter. A field-effect transistor (FET) has terminals labeled gate, source and drain. A voltage at the gate can control a current between source and drain.

  7. This form of the ideal gas law is very useful because it links pressure, density, and temperature in a unique formula independent of the quantity of the considered gas. Alternatively, the law may be written in terms of the specific volume v, the reciprocal of density, as. It is common, especially in engineering and meteorological applications ...

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