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Bongkrek acid (also known as bongkrekic acid[1]) is a respiratory toxin produced in fermented coconut or corn contaminated by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans. [2][3][4] It is a highly toxic, heat-stable, colorless, odorless, and highly unsaturated tricarboxylic acid that inhibits the ADP/ATP translocase, also called the...
Aspergillus oryzae is a mold used in East Asia to saccharify rice, sweet potato, and barley in the making of alcoholic beverages such as sake and shōchū, and also to ferment soybeans for making soy sauce and miso. It is one of the different koji molds ニホンコウジカビ (日本麹黴) (Japanese: nihon kōji kabi) used for ...
E. coli can live on a wide variety of substrates and uses mixed acid fermentation in anaerobic conditions, producing lactate, succinate, ethanol, acetate, and carbon dioxide.
Mead acid, also referred to as eicosatrienoic acid, is chemically a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and three methylene -interrupted cis double bonds, as is typical for polyunsaturated fatty acids. The first double bond is located at the ninth carbon from the omega end.
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. [1][2] They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
The tōyō kanji (当用漢字, lit. "general-use kanji") are those kanji listed on the Tōyō kanji hyō (当用漢字表, literally "list of general-use kanji"), which was released by the Japanese Ministry of Education (文部省) on 16 November 1946, following a reform of kanji characters of Chinese origin in the Japanese language. The ...
Mirtazapine is a very strong H 1 receptor antagonist and, as a result, it can cause powerful sedative and hypnotic effects. [11] A single 15 mg dose of mirtazapine to healthy volunteers has been found to result in over 80% occupancy of the H 1 receptor and to induce intense sleepiness. [90]
