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財政部：113年05-06月統一發票中獎號碼單
invoice.etax.nat.gov.tw獎別中獎號碼獎金特別獎86396830獎金1,000萬元特獎53267964獎金200萬元頭獎39635796、98978859、55566054獎金20萬元1) capital’s cooptation and subsequent prevention of a fully freed, digitally empowered general intellect; 2) capital’s continued control and exploitation of the material basis of the economy; 3) the difficulty of establishing commons-based social relations and forms of production given that value is monopolized by markets and money; and.
The P2P Foundation, with its particular focus on the relationship of the Commons and P2P practices, is supporting this Commons transition by helping to share knowledge and develop tools to create common value and facilitate open, participatory input across society.
* Book: Omnia Sunt Communia. On the Commons and the Transformation to Postcapitalism. By Massimo De Angelis. University of Chicago Press (distributed by Zed Books), 2017 Description This book reveals the potential for radical transformation contained in a ...
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"The need to belong is a human universal. But how we meet that need is culturally-informed." - Alexander Beiner
“GAZETTE: What do you mean when you say someone is from a WEIRD society? HENRICH: If you measure people’s psychology using the tools that psychologists and economists do, you’ll find substantial variation around the world. Societies that are Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic often anchor the extremes of these global distributi...
“How did WEIRD societies originate? HENRICH: It goes back medieval European history and to a set of prohibitions, taboos, and prescriptions about the family that were developed by one particular branch of Christianity. This branch, which evolved into the Roman Catholic Church, established, during late antiquity in the early Middle Ages, a series of...
WEIRD
Alexander Beiner: "WEIRD. This acronym (Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, Democratic) has been popularised by Harvard psychologist Joseph Henrich and informed the work of scholars like Jonathan Haidt. In his new book ‘The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous’ Henrich performs a kind of reverse anthropology to look at Western psychology and how it arose from our geography and history. In doing so, I believe he inadvertent...
Non-WEIRD
Alexander Beiner: "So what are non-WEIRD cultures like? Many of them — including European society before the Protestant Reformation and other cultural shifts — were and still are held together by complex web of familial relationships. Individuals belong to a wider group or land, and enjoy the cohesion of tight, supportive in-groups (though these in-groups often compete with others)."
Trust
Alexander Beiner: "web of in-group relationships, obligations and roles, people tend to be more suspicious of those outside the group. It makes sense; outsiders aren’t part of that web of embedded obligations. They don’t face consequences for not playing by your rules, and are therefore riskier to interact with. WEIRD people are different. Henrich argues that our cultural evolution selected for impersonal prosociality. He explains: - “As life was increasingly defined dealing with nonrelations...
Associationism vs kinship
"Moving away from allegiance to kin-groups didn’t just lead to increased impersonal prosociality, but also created a culture in which voluntary associations became increasingly important. As people began moving from the countryside to work in the cities, they needed to join other social groups outside of their family or tribe, like a university, a guild, or a political party. This combination of voluntary association and impersonal pro-sociality reliant on foundational institutions is hugely...
Guilt vs. Shame
"Henrich argues that guilt forms a core aspect of WEIRD psychology. It’s different from shame, another human universal. Shame is about what others might think of your behaviour (and particularly strong in kin-based societies). Guilt is the feeling we have when we don’t live up to our own values, and it’s particularly prevalent among WEIRD people. Understanding the role guilt plays in the various ‘change the world’ tribes can be revealing."
• Book: Joseph Henrich. “The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous.” URL = https://weirdpeople.fas.harvard.edu/
Realities of Copyright. Throughout the 20th century the mass media had a huge influence on the general public. Apart from less known artists or local newspapers, their products were what was available and thus determined what was to be seen and heard. Their products form a major part of our culture today.
At the same time, Condorcet discovered the paradox of voting: if in a 3-option ballot, 43% have preferences A-B-C, 33% prefer B-C-A and 23% C-A-B, then in the majority vote pairings, a majority (of 66%) prefer A to B, a majority of 76% prefer B to C, and a
Cattle were one of the first means of payment. In the 8th century BC Homer always expressed wealth in head of cattle. Our word "pecuniary" comes from pecus (Latin for cattle) and the term "capital" is derived from capus (Latin for head). Even today the wealth of a cattle breeder is measured by the number of cows he owns.
