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Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. [2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. [3]
- Readily absorbed in distal half of the ileum.
- liver
- C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P
Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition in which the blood and tissue have a lower than normal level of vitamin B 12. [5] . Symptoms can vary from none to severe. [1] . Mild deficiency may have few or absent symptoms. [1] .
- Poor absorption, decreased intake, increased requirements
- Supplementation by mouth or injection
- Blood levels below 148–185 pmol/L (200–250 pg/mL) in adults
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B. 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B. 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.
- AU: Exempt
- Cobolin-M, Depo-Cobolin, others
- sye AN oh koe BAL a min
Pernicious anemia refers to a type of vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia that results from lack of intrinsic factor. [5] . Lack of intrinsic factor is most commonly due to an autoimmune attack on the cells that create it in the stomach. [9] .
- Vitamin B₁₂ pills or injections
- Not enough intrinsic factor
- > 60 years old
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. [1] They are a chemically diverse class of compounds; some contain sulfur and B12 contains cobalt. [1] Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex.
Serum vitamin B12 is a medical laboratory test that measure vitamin B 12 only in the blood binding to both transcobalamins. [1] . Most of the time, 80–94% of vitamin B 12 in the blood binds to haptocorrin, while only 6–20% is binds to transcobalamin ll. [2] Only transcobalamin ll is "active" and can be used by the body. [1] .
Vitamin B 12 total synthesis. The total synthesis of the complex biomolecule vitamin B 12 was accomplished in two different approaches by the collaborating research groups of Robert Burns Woodward at Harvard [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] and Albert Eschenmoser at ETH [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] in 1972.
