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  1. The Kalman filter keeps track of the estimated state of the system and the variance or uncertainty of the estimate. The estimate is updated using a state transition model and measurements. x ^ k ∣ k − 1 {\displaystyle {\hat {x}}_{k\mid k-1}} denotes the estimate of the system's state at time step k before the k-th measurement yk has been ...

  2. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Water_filterWater filter - Wikipedia

    Water filter. A water filter removes impurities by lowering contamination of water using a fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process. Filters cleanse water to different extents, for purposes such as: providing agricultural irrigation, accessible drinking water, public and private aquariums, and the safe use of ponds and ...

  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › HEPAHEPA - Wikipedia

    HEPA filter corrugated internal structure and aluminium support along with the description of its functioning principle (interception, impact and diffusion of dust particles through a dense non-woven fiber material) HEPA (/ ˈ h ɛ p ə /, high-efficiency particulate air) filter, also known as high-efficiency particulate absorbing filter [citation needed] and high-efficiency particulate ...

  4. Since the latter cannot be extended further, ↑ {1} is an ultrafilter. In mathematics, a filter or order filter is a special subset of a partially ordered set (poset), describing "large" or "eventual" elements. Filters appear in order and lattice theory, but also topology, whence they originate. The notion dual to a filter is an order ideal .

  5. Particle filters, or sequential Monte Carlo methods, are a set of Monte Carlo algorithms used to find approximate solutions for filtering problems for nonlinear state-space systems, such as signal processing and Bayesian statistical inference. The filtering problem consists of estimating the internal states in dynamical systems when partial observations are made and random perturbations are ...

  6. Animation showing smoothing being applied, passing through the data from left to right. The red line represents the local polynomial being used to fit a sub-set of the data. The smoothed values are shown as circles. A Savitzky–Golay filter is a digital filter that can be applied to a set of digital data points for the purpose of smoothing the data, that is, to increase the precision of the ...

  7. Chamberland filter. A Chamberland filter, also known as a Pasteur –Chamberland filter, is a porcelain water filter invented by Charles Chamberland in 1884. [1] It was developed after Henry Doulton's ceramic water filter of 1827. It is similar to the Berkefeld filter in principle.

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