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Description. From the Wikipedia: "Marshall McLuhan's tetrad of media effects [1] uses a tetrad to examine the effects on society of any technology/medium (put another way: a means of explaining the social processes underlying the adoption of a technology/medium) by dividing its effects into four categories and displaying them simultaneously.
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Christian Fuchs: "Internet 2.0 is characterized by this antagonism between information commodities and information gifts. The Internet gift commodity economycan be read as a specific formof what Dallas Smythe has termed the audience commodity (Smythe,2006). He suggests that in the case of media advertisement models theaudience is sold as a commodit...
The Audience Commodity Debate
David Hesmondhalgh: "A debate on ‘the audience commodity’ that received significant attention in the early years of the political economy of communication, and which has been revived in recent years. I want to revisit this territory briefly here, in order to show the dangers of an approach to questions of labour that is insufficiently informed by ethical thinking and by attention to the specifics of particular forms of work and leisure experience – dangers that may afflict the attempt to buil...
Smythe, Dallas W. (2006) ‘On the Audience Commodity and its Work’, pp. 230– 56 in M.G. Durham and D.M. Kellner (eds) Media and Cultural Studies Key Works. Malden, MA: Blackwell. (Orig. pub. 1981.)It's an open, decentralized search protocol for finding files through the peers. Gnutella is a pure P2P network, without any centralized servers. Using the same search protocol, such as Gnutella, forms a compatible network for different applications. Anybody who implements the Gnutella protocol is able to search and locate files on that network.
2020年12月17日 · PatternDynamics is a simple tool that can be learned by anyone to overcome the challenges posed by complex systems–at any scale. Here’s how it works: The key to complexity is systems thinking; The key to systems thinking is Patterns; and, The key to using Patterns is to form them into a language. Winton’s language of visual patterns to ...
Definition. Matt: ( from the A Swarm of Angels project ) "These are three proposed states for open media, each building on the next: Open (O-): The baseline, concerned with freely consuming and sharing the content (1-3) Open source (O): Being able to view and remix the source files (1-5). Open Plus (O+): The ability to participate in a ...
Description Concept from Enrique Dussel, explained by Mark Burton: "A key concept is that of the “analectic”, or “ana-dialectic”, in which Dussel claims to incorporate and transcend the Marxist dialectic which he sees as both negative and operating within the ...
Discussion Philip Clayton: "The links between traditional Chinese thought and process philosophy have long been recognized. Concerning the second, we have attempted to show how process philosophy helps to transform modernist Marxism into Organic Marxism.
