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  1. The Excimerlaser that was used for the first LASIK surgeries by I.Pallikaris The first theoretical work on the potential of refractive surgery was published in 1885 by Hjalmar August Schiøtz, an ophthalmologist from Norway. [1] In 1930, the Japanese ophthalmologist Tsutomu Sato made the first attempts at performing this kind of surgery, hoping to correct the vision of military pilots.

  2. A laser guide star is an artificial star image created for use in astronomical adaptive optics systems, which are employed in large telescopes in order to correct atmospheric distortion of light (called astronomical seeing ). Adaptive optics (AO) systems require a wavefront reference source of light called a guide star.

  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › LaserLaser - Wikipedia

    A telescope in the Very Large Telescope system producing four orange laser guide stars A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.The word laser is an anacronym that originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

  4. A gamma-ray laser, or graser, is a hypothetical device that would produce coherent gamma rays, just as an ordinary laser produces coherent rays of visible light. [1] . Potential applications for gamma-ray lasers include medical imaging, spacecraft propulsion, and cancer treatment. [2]

  5. A helium–neon laser or He-Ne laser is a type of gas laser whose high energetic medium gain medium consists of a mixture of ratio (between 5:1 and 20:1) of helium and neon at a total pressure of approximately 1 Torr (133 Pa) inside a small electrical discharge.

  6. In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is a dimensionless number that gives the indication of the light bending ability of that medium. Refraction of a light ray. The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material. This is described by Snell's law of ...

  7. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › X-rayX-ray - Wikipedia

    Natural color X-ray photogram of a wine scene. Note the edges of hollow cylinders as compared to the solid candle. William Coolidge explains medical imaging and X-rays. X-rays (or much less commonly, X-radiation) are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. In many languages, it is referred to as Röntgen radiation, after the German ...

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