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Taiwan,[II][k] officially the Republic of China (ROC),[I][l] is a country[27] in East Asia.[o] It is located at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ...
TSMC was founded in Taiwan in 1987 by Morris Chang as the world's first dedicated semiconductor foundry. It has long been the leading company in its field. [15] [16] When Chang retired in 2018, after 31 years of TSMC leadership, Mark Liu became chairman and C. C. Wei became Chief Executive.
- 73,090 (2022)
- US$73.67 billion (2022)
Aluminium (Aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than that of other common metals, about one-third that of steel. It has a great affinity towards oxygen, forming a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air. Aluminium visually resembles ...
- 4K Standards and Terminology
- Adoption
- History
- Broadcasting
- Resolutions
- Recording
- External Links
The term "4K" is generic and refers to any resolution with a horizontal pixel count of approximately 4,000.: 2 Several different 4K resolutions have been standardized by various organizations. The terms "4K" and "Ultra HD" are used more widely in marketing than "2160p". While typically referring to motion pictures, some digital cameravendors have u...
Video sharing website YouTube and the television industry have adopted 3840× 2160 as their 4K standard. As of 2014[update], 4K content from major broadcasters remained limited. On April 11, 2013, Bulb TV created by Canadian serial entrepreneur Evan Kosiner became the first broadcaster to provide a 4K linear channel and VOD content to cable and sate...
In 1984, Hitachi released the CMOS graphics processor ARTC HD63484, which was capable of displaying up to 4K resolution when in monochrome mode. The resolution was targeted at the bit-mapped desktop publishing market. The first commercially available 4K camera for cinematographic purposes was the Dalsa Origin, released in 2003. 4K technology was de...
In November 2014, American satellite provider DirecTV (owned by AT&T) became the first pay-TV provider to offer access to 4K content, although limited to selected video-on-demand films. In August 2015, British sports network BT Sport launched a 4K feed, with its first broadcast being the 2015 FA Community Shield football match. Two production units...
3840× 2160
The resolution of 3840 × 2160 is the dominant 4K resolution in the consumer media and display industries. This is the resolution of the UHDTV1 format defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1, as well as the 4K UHDTV format defined by ITU-R in Rec. 2020, and is also the minimum resolution for CEA's definition of Ultra HD displays and projectors. The resolution of 3840 × 2160 was also chosen by the DVB project for their 4K broadcasting standard, UHD-1. This resolution has an aspect ratio of 16∶9, with 8,294,...
4096× 2160
This resolution is used mainly in digital cinema production, and has a total of 8,847,360 pixels with an aspect ratio of 256∶135 (≈19∶10). It was standardized as the resolution of the 4K container format defined by Digital Cinema Initiatives in the Digital Cinema System specification, and is the native resolution of all DCI-compliant 4K digital projectors and monitors. The DCI specification allows several different resolutions for the content inside the container, depending on the desired asp...
Other 4K resolutions
Various other non-standardized 4K resolutions have been used in displays, including: 1. 4096× 2560 (1.60:1 or 16:10); this resolution was used in the Canon DP-V3010, a 30-inch (76 cm) 4K reference monitor designed for reviewing cinema footage in post-production, released in 2013. 2. 4096× 2304 (1.77:1 or 16:9); this resolution was used in the 21.5-inch (55 cm) LG UltraFine 22MD4KA 4K monitor, jointly announced by LG and Apple in 2016 and used in the 21.5" 4K Retina iMaccomputer. 3. 3840× 2400...
Detail benefit
The main advantage of recording video at the 4K standard is that fine spatial detail is resolved well. Individual still frames extracted from 3840×2160-pixel video footage can act as 8.3 megapixel still photographs, while only 2.1 megapixels at 1080p and 0.9 megapixels at 720p. If the final video resolution is reduced to 2K from a 4K recording, more detail is apparent than would have been achieved from a native 2K recording. Increased fineness and contrast is then possible with output to DVD...
Chroma subsampling
Many consumer electronics such as mobile phones store video footage in Y′CBCR format with 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, which records color information at only one quarter the resolution as the brightness information. For 3840 × 2160 video, this means that the color information is only stored at 1920 × 1080.
Bit rates
Consumer cameras and mobile phones record 2160p footage at much higher bit rates (usually 50 to 100Mbit/s) than 1080p (usually 10 to 30Mbit/s). This higher bit rate reduces the visibility of compression artifacts, even if viewed on monitors with a lower resolution than 2160p.
Articles
1. "3D TV is Dead, Long Live 4K", Forbes, Jan 10, 2013 2. Gurule, Donn, 4k and 8k Production Workflows Become More Mainstream, Light beam, archived from the original on 2013-02-16, retrieved 2013-01-29 3. What is the meaning of UHDTV and its difference to HDTV?, UHDMI, archived from the original on 2013-02-05, retrieved 2014-09-10 4. "Ultra high resolution television (UHDV) prototype", CD Freaks, archived from the original on 2008-11-18, retrieved 2013-01-29 5. "Just Like High-Definition TV,...
Official sites of NHK
1. Super Hi-Vision, JP: NHK, archived from the original on 2010-10-06, retrieved 2013-01-29. 2. Science & Technical Research Laboratories, JP: NHK. 3. Super Hi-Vision research (annual report), JP: NHK STRL, 2009, archived from the original on 2012-10-18, retrieved 2013-01-29.
Video
1. "4K resolution video test sequences for Research", Ultra video, FI: TUT.
Wembley Stadium (branded as Wembley Stadium connected by EE for sponsorship reasons) is an association football stadium in Wembley, London. It opened in 2007 on the site of the original Wembley Stadium, which had stood from 1923 until 2003. [8] [9] The stadium is England's national football stadium, and thus hosts the majority of the England ...
Etymology The origin of the word "Parthenon" comes from the Greek word parthénos (παρθένος), meaning "maiden, girl" as well as "virgin, unmarried woman".The Liddell–Scott–Jones Greek–English Lexicon states that it may have referred to the "unmarried women's apartments" in a house, but that in the Parthenon it seems to have been used for a particular room of the temple.
Bruce Lee [b] (born Lee Jun-fan; [c] November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973) was a Hong Kong-American martial artist and actor. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy drawing from different combat disciplines that is sometimes credited with paving the way for the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA). [3]
