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Fibonacci sequence. A tiling with squares whose side lengths are successive Fibonacci numbers: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13 and 21. In mathematics, the Fibonacci sequence is a sequence in which each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. Numbers that are part of the Fibonacci sequence are known as Fibonacci numbers, commonly denoted Fn .
Taiwan,[II][k] officially the Republic of China (ROC),[I][l] is a country[27] in East Asia.[o] It is located at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ...
- Characterizing Properties
- Useful Relations
- Second Derivatives
- Standard Integrals
- Taylor Series Expressions
- Infinite Products and Continued Fractions
- Comparison with Circular Functions
- Relationship to The Exponential Function
- Hyperbolic Functions For Complex Numbers
- See Also
Hyperbolic cosine
It can be shown that the area under the curve of the hyperbolic cosine (over a finite interval) is always equal to the arc lengthcorresponding to that interval:
Hyperbolic tangent
The hyperbolic tangent is the (unique) solution to the differential equation f ′ = 1 − f 2, with f (0) = 0.
The hyperbolic functions satisfy many identities, all of them similar in form to the trigonometric identities. In fact, Osborn's rule states that one can convert any trigonometric identity (up to but not including sinhs or implied sinhs of 4th degree) for θ {\\displaystyle \\theta } , 2 θ {\\displaystyle 2\\theta } , 3 θ {\\displaystyle 3\\theta } or θ {...
Each of the functions sinh and cosh is equal to its second derivative, that is: All functions with this property are linear combinations of sinh and cosh, in particular the exponential functions e x {\\displaystyle e^{x}} and e − x {\\displaystyle e^{-x}} .
The following integrals can be proved using hyperbolic substitution: where C is the constant of integration.
It is possible to express explicitly the Taylor series at zero (or the Laurent series, if the function is not defined at zero) of the above functions. The sum of the sinh and cosh series is the infinite series expression of the exponential function. The following series are followed by a description of a subset of their domain of convergence, where...
The following expansions are valid in the whole complex plane: 1. sinh x = x ∏ n = 1 ∞ ( 1 + x 2 n 2 π 2 ) = x 1 − x 2 2 ⋅ 3 + x 2 − 2 ⋅ 3 x 2 4 ⋅ 5 + x 2 − 4 ⋅ 5 x 2 6 ⋅ 7 + x 2 − ⋱ {\\displaystyle \\sinh x=x\\prod _{n=1}^{\\infty }\\left(1+{\\frac {x^{2}}{n^{2}\\pi ^{2}}}\\right)={\\cfrac {x}{1-{\\cfrac {x^{2}}{2\\cdot 3+x^{2}-{\\cfrac {2\\cdot 3x^{2}}{4\\cd...
The hyperbolic functions represent an expansion of trigonometry beyond the circular functions. Both types depend on an argument, either circular angle or hyperbolic angle. Since the area of a circular sector with radius r and angle u (in radians) is r2u/2, it will be equal to u when r = √2. In the diagram, such a circle is tangent to the hyperbola ...
The decomposition of the exponential function in its even and odd partsgives the identities Additionally,
Since the exponential function can be defined for any complex argument, we can also extend the definitions of the hyperbolic functions to complex arguments. The functions sinh z and cosh z are then holomorphic. Relationships to ordinary trigonometric functions are given by Euler's formulafor complex numbers: Thus, hyperbolic functions are periodic ...
Wikipedia[note 3] is a free content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the use of the wiki-based editing system MediaWiki. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history.[3][4] It is consistently ranked as one of the ten most popular ...
September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 112 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. 1419 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France.
Macau [e] or Macao [f] is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. With a population of about 680,000 [11] and an area of 32.9 km 2 (12.7 sq mi), it is the most densely populated region in the world. Formerly a Portuguese colony, the territory of Portuguese Macau was first leased to Portugal by the Ming dynasty as a ...
Synonyms. Sus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766. The capybara [a] or greater capybara ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is a giant cavy rodent native to South America. It is the largest living rodent [2] and a member of the genus Hydrochoerus. The only other extant member is the lesser capybara ( Hydrochoerus isthmius ).
