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As soon as push comes to shove, and the liberal-democratic societies are threatened by total war, they approximate central planning in their production methods as closely as their political systems allow. Capitalist firms rely on high-level central planning all the time in the modern economy.
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Allen Butcher: "The idea of an alternative culture or economic system exploiting capitalism, which is to do to capitalism what capitalism has done to everything that it can monetize and commodify, makes time-based economics unique among alternative economic ideologies, like communism, whether Marxist or any other form, which emphasizes class war or...
A. Allen Butcher: " In "egalitarian" communities one hour is worth one credit regardless of who is working or what is done, and involve either a "fair-share" labor system requiring a labor contribution without labor accounting, or "labor credit" systems requiring a "labor quota" and the accounting of a minimum labor contribution for a person to mai...
Allen Butcher: "There are three different forms of time-based economies: First, labor-gifting time-based economies are used in intentional communities like cohousing, ecovillages, and community land trusts. Second, labor-sharing time-based economies are used in communal intentional communities having community-owned businesses, similar to worker-ow...
A. Allen Butcher: "All of the various types of intentional communities use some form of sharing system, or some degreeof communal economics. Any organization having a labor contribution for which there is no monetaryor other compensation given in exchange for their labor could be said to use a “time economy.”(Butcher 1997) Note that labor exchange ...
Communal Economics, A. Allen Butcher, P.O. Box 1666, Denver, CO 80201-1666 USA 4thWorld@consultant.com
P2P是指被创造的如下的生产方式：. - 通过生产者（他们可以取得所分配的资本）之间的自由合作产生使用价值：这就是对等生产模式，“第三种生产模式”，不同于国有企业的公营或营利性生产。. 其产品不具有市场上的交换价值，而在使用者团体中具有使用 ...
Description. By Aurélien Acquier, Thibault Daudigeos, and Jonatan Pinkse: "The community-based economy forms the third core of the sharing economy. It refers to initiatives coordinating through non-contractual, non-hierarchical or non-monetized forms of interaction (to perform work, participate in a project, or form exchange relationships).
* Book: Shanzhai: Deconstruction in Chinese.By Byung-Chul Han. MIT Press, 2017. URL = https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262534369/shanzhai/ Description "Tracing the thread ...
2011年8月11日 · To call government the ‘public sector’ is to relinquish our epistemological frame of reference, countervailing authority and collective potential for governing and valuing our own resources. In theory, public still means people; in practice, public means government decoupled from the people’s social/ecological rights to their common goods.
2023年7月9日 · The focus is on the “design global, manufacture local” model. This model builds on the conjunction of the digital commons of knowledge and design with desktop and benchtop manufacturing technologies (from three-dimensional printers and laser cutters to low-tech tools and crafts). Two case studies are presented to illustrate three ...
