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The Bar Kokhba revolt ( Hebrew: מֶרֶד בַּר כּוֹכְבָא Mereḏ Bar Kōḵəḇā) was a large-scale armed rebellion initiated by the Jews of Judea, led by Simon bar Kokhba, against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. [6] . Lasting until 135 or early 136, it was the third and final escalation of the Jewish–Roman wars. [7] .
- 132–136 CE, (main phase: autumn 132 – summer 135)
- Destruction of the rebels' Jewish state by the Roman army
- Judea, Roman Empire
Simon bar Kokhba ( Hebrew: שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר כּוֹכְבָא Šīmʾōn bar Kōḵḇāʾ) or Simon ben Koseba ( שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר כֹסֵבָא Šīmʾōn bar Ḵōsēḇaʾ ), commonly referred to simply as Bar Kokhba, [a] was a Jewish military leader in Judea. He lent his name to the Bar Kokhba revolt ...
- Simon ben Koseba (שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר כֹסֵבָא)
- Judaism
- 132–135
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The First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE) were nationalist rebellions, striving to restore an independent Judean state, while the Kitos War (115–117 CE) was more of an ethno-religious conflict, mostly fought outside the
The Bar Kokhba hiding complexes are underground hideout systems built by Jewish rebels and their communities in Judaea and used during the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE) against the Roman Empire. The hiding complexes are believed to have played a significant role during the revolt, particularly in Judea proper .
El-Jai cave is a sizable karstic cave located in a cliff within the northern Judaean Desert, in the modern-day West Bank . The El-Jai cave served as a refuge cave for Jewish rebels during the late phase of the Bar Kokhba revolt, around 135 CE.
The rabbinic movement's stance on Bar Kokhba revolt is unclear based on seemingly contradictory Talmudic sources. However, the revolt strengthened the rabbis' position as the dominant Jewish sect. Most researchers believe Rabbi Akiva 's students participated in the revolt and died fighting.
Supported by the Sanhedrin, Simon Bar Kosiba (later known as Bar Kokhba) established an independent state that was conquered by the Romans in 135 CE. The revolt resulted in the extensive depopulation of Judean communities, more so than during the First
