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Virginia counties and cities by year of establishment. The Commonwealth of Virginia is divided into 95 counties, along with 38 independent cities that are considered county-equivalents for census purposes. In Virginia, cities are co-equal levels of government to counties, but towns are part of counties.
- 95 Counties, 38 Independent cities
The population density of Virginia counties and cities as of 2020 Virginia is divided into 95 counties and 38 independent cities, which the U.S. Census Bureau describes as county-equivalents. This general method of treating cities and counties on par with each
- 42,774.2 sq mi (110,785.67 km²)
- Virginia Beach
- Colony of Virginia
- 6 Democrats, 5 Republicans (list)
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- Counties
- Cities and Towns
- School Divisions
- Special Districts, Agencies
- Other Political Subdivisions
- Relationships, Regional Cooperation
- Annexations, Alternatives
- Legal Liability of Subdivisions and Their Employees
- External Links
Virginia has 95 counties, covering all of the territory not within the independent cities. Under Virginia law, counties may be chartered, although most are not. Their populations vary widely; in 2022 estimated populations ranged from 2,301 for Highland County to 1,138,331 for Fairfax County. Since Virginia has no civil townships, and since incorpor...
Independent cities
Since 1871, all incorporated cities in Virginia have classified as independent cities. This is the most noteworthy aspect of Virginia local government relative to the other 49 states. Of the 41 independent cities in the United States, 38 are in Virginia. The three that are not in Virginia are Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada. Cities in Virginia are thus similar to unitary authorities in some countries. The United States Census Bureau treats all cities in Virgi...
Towns
Unlike Virginia's cities, and like municipalities in most other states, incorporated townsare municipalities that are within counties. Local government is thus divided between the town and the county. A town can be formed from any area with a defined boundary having a population of 1,000 or more. The method for forming towns is the same as for cities, petitioning the state legislature to grant a charter. As of 2014, there are 191 incorporated towns in Virginia. Virginia also has unincorporate...
Powers of municipalities
Local government in Virginia is subject to Dillon's Rule, which holds that cities and towns only have those powers expressly granted to them by Virginia or federal law, any power implied by those express powers, and those powers essential to the municipality's existence. Under Virginia law, a municipality, whether a city or a town, must have a municipal charter; that is, there are no general-law municipalities.The charter is a form of contract, and the municipality has no power to act outside...
A school division is the area under a jurisdiction of a school board. Unlike school districtsin most other states, Virginia's school divisions are not completely separate units of local government. This is because no school division has taxing authority. Instead, they are dependent upon their associated city, town, or county governments for at leas...
While special districtsexist in Virginia, they are generally less important than in other states. As of June 2012, Virginia had 193 special-district governments, as well as numerous special agencies, areas, and districts that were subordinate to the state or to a county, city, or town government. Several examples of the many special districts and a...
Magisterial districts, election districts, and wards
Magisterial districts, election districts, and wards are minor civil divisionsestablished for elections, administrative functions, or both. They are not separate units of local government.
Boroughs
Under Code of Virginia § 15.2-3534, when multiple local governments consolidate to form a consolidated city, the consolidated city may be divided into geographical subdivisions called "boroughs", which may be the same as the existing (i) cities, (ii) counties, or (iii) portions of such counties. Those boroughs are not separate local governments. For example, Chesapeake is divided into six boroughs, one corresponding to the former city of South Norfolk and one corresponding to each of the five...
Villages
In Virginia, villages are defined as tracts of land with fixed boundaries for the purpose of preventing the free roaming of animals. Villages are defined as having at least 300 residents and are established by petition to the circuit court of the county in which they are located.
Various political subdivisions may do business with each other and the state and federal government in a manner similar to private individuals, limited partnerships, and corporations, with the notable exception that some restrictions may apply with regards to public information, competitive bidding, personal use of government-owned property, vehicl...
Expansion of borders through annexation suits against neighboring counties and incorporated towns has long been a method available to the independent cities to grow, with incorporated towns also able to take such actions against counties. Since the years of the Byrd Organization, state funding formulas have tended to favor rural areas, and growth t...
Contract liability
As noted above, a local government may only enter into a contract that is within the scope of its charter. A contract to do something beyond its power is void and unenforceable, and in fact the local government will be prohibited from performing its obligations under such a contract. The private party who performs under such a contract will have no means of recovery, even under equitable theories such as equitable estoppel, implied contract, quantum meruit, and unjust enrichment. This limitat...
Richmond ( / ˈrɪtʃmənd / RITCH-mənd) is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Incorporated in 1742, Richmond has been an independent city since 1871. The city's population in the 2020 census was 226,610, up from 204,214 in 2010, [7] making it Virginia's fourth-most populous city. [8]
Richmond City Hall Every location in Virginia is within a county or an independent city, but never both. The 95 counties and the 39 independent cities all have their own governments.
Arlington County, or simply Arlington, is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. The county is located in Northern Virginia on the southwestern bank of the Potomac River directly across from Washington, D.C., the national capital. Arlington County is coextensive's
Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. With a population of 1,150,309 as of the 2020 census, [1] it the most populous county in Virginia, the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington metropolitan area, and the most populous location in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
