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1982. TeX. Originally written by Donald Knuth in 1978, the new version of TeX was rewritten from scratch and was published in 1982. [2] One of the longest continuously-developed open source projects. 1983, September. GNU Project.
I have doubts about the fundamental claims of this article. The sharing principle is somewhat older than open source, or even free software.For example, peer review and the sharing of knowledge has been institutionalized in science since at least the ninteenth century, and I don't think even that is the earliest example of the institutionalization of sharing as an ethic.
The Open Source Initiative ( OSI) is the steward of the Open Source Definition, the set of rules that define open source software. [4] It is a California public-benefit nonprofit corporation, with 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status. The organization was founded in late February 1998 by Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond, [5] part of a group inspired ...
Open-source software is concerned with the open-source licenses under which computer programs can be distributed and is not normally concerned primarily with data. Open educational resources are freely accessible, openly licensed documents and media that are useful for teaching, learning, and assessing as well as for research purposes.
Open-source governance (also known as open governance and open politics) is a political philosophy which advocates the application of the philosophies of the open-source and open-content movements to democratic principles to enable any interested citizen to add to the creation of policy, as with a wiki document.
The free-culture movement takes the ideals of the free and open-source software movement and extends them from the field of software to all cultural and creative works. Early in Creative Commons' life, Richard Stallman (the founder of the Free Software Foundation and the free software movement) supported the organization.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to free software and the free software movement: Free software – software which can be run, studied, examined, modified, and redistributed freely (without any cost). This type of software, which was given its name in 1983, has also come to be known as "open-source software ...