Telephone numbers in India wikipedia 相關
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Telephone numbers in India are administered under the National Numbering Plan of 2003 by the Department of Telecommunications of the Government of India. The numbering plan was last updated in 2015. The country code "91" was assigned to India by the International Telecommunication Union in the 1960s.
In India, mobile numbers (including pagers) on GSM, WCDMA, LTE and NR networks start with either 9, 8, 7 or 6.Each telecom circle is allowed to have multiple private operators; earlier it was two private + BSNL/MTNL, subsequently it changed to three private + BSNL/MTNL in GSM; now each telecom circle has all four operators including Reliance Jio, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone idea ltd and BSNL/MTNL.
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- History
- Telephony
- Internet
- Television Broadcasting
- Radio
- Next-Generation Networks
- Regulatory Environment
- S-Band Spectrum Scam
- Revenue and Growth
- International
The beginning
Prof. S. P. Chakravarti is known as the father of electronics and telecommunications engineering in India. He started electronics and telecommunications education, training and research in India.Telecommunications in India began with the introduction of the Telegraphy. The Indian postal and telecom sectors are one of the world's oldest. In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the East India...
Further developments and milestones
1. 1901 – First wireless telegraph station established between Sagar Island and Sandhead. 2. Pre-1902 – Cable telegraph. 3. 1907 – First Central Battery of telephones introduced in Kanpur. 4. 1913–1914 – First Automatic Exchange installed in Shimla. 5. 1927 – Radio-telegraph system between the UK and India, with Imperial Wireless Chain beam stations at Khadki and Daunt. Inaugurated by Lord Irwin on 23 July by exchanging greetings with King George V. 6. 1933 – Radiotelephonesystem inaugurated...
Liberalisation and privatisation
The liberalisation of the Indian telecommunications industry started in 1981 when then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi signed contracts with Alcatel CIT of France to merge with the state owned Telecom Company (ITI), in an effort to set up 5 million telecom lines per year. Soon after the contracts were signed, the policy was left unfufilled due to political opposition. Attempts to liberalise the telecommunication industry were continued by the following government under the prime-minister-ship of...
Private-sector and two state-run businesses dominate the telephony segment. Most companies were formed by a recent revolution and restructuring launched within a decade, directed by Ministry of Communications and IT, Department of Telecommunications and Minister of Finance. Since then, most companies gained 2G, 3G and 4G licences and engaged fixed-...
Public, commercial Internet access in India was launched by Tata Communications (VSNL) on 15 August 1995, though access was available via the Educational Research Network (ERNET) to educational institutions as early as 1986. VSNL was able to add about 10,000 Internet users within 6 months. However, for the next 10 years the Internet experience in t...
Television broadcasting began in India in 1959 by Doordarshan, a state-run medium of communication, and had slow expansion for more than two decades. The policy reforms of the government in the 1990s attracted private initiatives in this sector, and since then, satellite television has increasingly shaped popular culture and Indian society. However...
As of June 2018, there are 328 private FM radio stations in India. Apart from the private FM radio stations, Akashvani, the national public radio broadcaster of India, runs multiple radio channels. AIR's service comprises 420 stations located across the country, reaching nearly 92% of the country's area and 99.19% of the total population. AIR origi...
Historically, the role of telecommunication has evolved from that of plain information exchange to a multi-service field, with Value Added Services (VAS) integrated with various discrete networks like PSTN, PLMN, Internet Backbone etc. However, with decreasing average revenue per user and increasing demand for VAS has become a compelling reason for...
LIRNEasia's Telecommunications Regulatory Environment (TRE) index, which summarises stakeholders' perception on certain TRE dimensions, provides insight into how conducive the environment is for further development and progress. The most recent survey was conducted in July 2008 in eight Asian countries, including Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Sri L...
In India, electromagnetic spectrum, being a scarce resource for wireless communication, is auctioned by the Government of India to telecom companies for use. As an example of its value, in 2010, 20 Hertz of 3G spectrum was auctioned for ₹677 billion (US$8.1 billion). This part of the spectrum is allocated for terrestrial communication (cell phones)...
The adjusted gross revenue in the telecom service sector was ₹160,814 crore (equivalent to ₹2.3 trillion or US$27.0 billion in 2023) in 2017 as against ₹198,207 crore (equivalent to ₹2.8 trillion or US$34.1 billion in 2023) in 2016, registering a negative growth of 18.87%.The major contributions to this revenue are as follows (in INR crores):
Nine satellite earth stations – 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat(Indian Ocean region).Nine gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai, New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad and Thiruvananthapuram.Country calling codes, country dial-in codes, international subscriber dialing (ISD) codes, or most commonly, telephone country codes are telephone number prefixes for reaching telephone subscribers in foreign countries or areas via international telecommunication networks.
Telephone numbers in Asia. The prefixes in Asia start with one of 2,3,6,7,8,9. Telephone numbers in Asia have the most possible prefixes of any continent on Earth: 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9. Below is a list of country calling codes for various states and territories in Asia.
Country NameRegionCountry CodeInternational Call Prefix9+93003+374009+994009+97300This is a list of telecom services providing companies in India. These companies are regulated by Department of Telecommunications and TRAI under Ministry of Communications, Government of India.
List of emergency telephone numbers. In many countries, dialing either 112 (used in Europe and parts of Asia) or 911 (used mostly in the Americas) will connect callers to the local emergency services. But not all countries use those emergency telephone numbers. The emergency numbers in the world (but not necessarily all of them) are listed below.
