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  1. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Almond_tofuAlmond tofu - Wikipedia

    Contents. hide. (Top) Preparation. See also. References. External links. Almond tofu ( Chinese and Japanese: 杏仁豆腐; pinyin: xìngrén dòufǔ; Cantonese Jyutping: hang6 jan4 dau6 fu6; rōmaji: an'nindōfu) is a soft, jellied dessert made of apricot kernel milk, agar, and sugar popular throughout East Asia.

    • Xingren doufu, almond tofu, almond jelly, almond float
    • Pudding
    • Apricot kernel milk, water, gelling agent (usually agar)
  2. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Amino_acidAmino acid - Wikipedia

    Ionization and Brønsted character of N-terminal amino, C-terminal carboxylate, and side chains of amino acid residues The common natural forms of amino acids have a zwitterionic structure, with −NH + 3 (−NH + 2 − in the case of proline) and −CO − 2 functional groups attached to the same C atom, and are thus α-amino acids, and are the only ones found in proteins during translation ...

  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Vitamin_CVitamin C - Wikipedia

    Vitamin C (also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate) is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits, berries and vegetables. It is also a generic prescription medication and in some countries is sold as a non-prescription dietary supplement. As a therapy, it is used to prevent and treat scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C ...

  4. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › AdrenalineAdrenaline - Wikipedia

    Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication[7][8] which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).[7][9] It appears as a white microcrystalline granule.[10] Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata.[11] It plays an essential ...

  5. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › SildenafilSildenafil - Wikipedia

    • Medical Uses
    • Adverse Effects
    • Nonmedical Use
    • Detection in Biological Fluids
    • Mechanism of Action
    • Route of Administration
    • Chemical Synthesis
    • History
    • Counterfeits
    • Society and Culture

    Sexual dysfunction

    The primary indication of sildenafil is treatment of erectile dysfunction (inability to sustain a satisfactory erection to complete sexual intercourse). Its use is now one of the standard treatments for erectile dysfunction, including for males with diabetes mellitus.

    Pulmonary hypertension

    While sildenafil improves some markers of disease in people with pulmonary arterial hypertension, it does not appear to affect the risk of death or serious side effects.

    Raynaud's phenomenon

    Sildenafil and other PDE5 inhibitors are used off-label to alleviate vasospasm and treat severe ischemia and ulcers in fingers and toes for people with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon; these drugs have moderate efficacy for reducing the frequency and duration of vasospastic episodes. As of 2016,[update]their role more generally in Raynaud's was not clear.

    In clinical trials, the most common adverse effects of sildenafil use included headache, flushing, indigestion, nasal congestion, and impaired vision, including photophobia and blurred vision. Some sildenafil users have complained of seeing everything tinted blue (cyanopsia). This cyanopsia can be explained because Sildenafil, while selective for P...

    Recreational use

    Sildenafil's popularity with young adults has increased over the years. Sildenafil's brand name, Viagra, is widely recognized in popular culture, and the drug's association with treating erectile dysfunction has led to its recreational use. The reasons behind such use include the belief that the drug increases libido, improves sexual performance, or permanently increases penis size. Studies on the effects of sildenafil when used recreationally are limited, but suggest it has little effect whe...

    Jet lag research

    The 2007 Ig Nobel Prize in Aviation went to Patricia V. Agostino, Santiago A. Plano, and Diego A. Golombek of Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina, for their discovery that sildenafil helps treat jet lag recovery in hamsters.

    Sports

    Professional athletes have been documented using sildenafil, believing the opening of their blood vessels will enrich their muscles. In turn, they believe it will enhance their performances.

    Sildenafil and/or N-desmethylsildenafil, its major active metabolite, may be quantified in plasma, serum, or whole blood to assess pharmacokinetic status in those receiving the drug therapeutically, to confirm the diagnosis in potential poisoning victims, or to assist in the forensic investigation in a case of fatal overdose.

    Sildenafil protects cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from degradation by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in the corpus cavernosum. Nitric oxide (NO) in the corpus cavernosum of the penis binds to guanylate cyclase receptors, which results in increased levels of cGMP, leading to smooth muscle relaxation (vasodilation) of the intim...

    When taken orally, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction results in an average time to onset of erections of 27 minutes (ranging from 12 to 70 minutes).

    The preparation steps for synthesis of sildenafil are: 1. Methylation of 3-propylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester with hot dimethyl sulfate 2. Hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to free acid 3. Nitration with oleum/fuming nitric acid 4. Carboxamide formation with refluxing thionyl chloride/NH4OH 5. Reduction of nitro group to ami...

    Sildenafil (compound UK-92,480) was synthesized by a group of pharmaceutical chemists led by Simon Campbell working at Pfizer's Sandwich, Kent, research facility in England. It was initially studied for use in hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina pectoris (a symptom of ischaemic heart disease). The first clinical trials were conducted in M...

    Counterfeit Viagra, despite generally being cheaper, can contain harmful substances or substances that affect how Viagra works, such as blue printer ink, amphetamines, metronidazole, boric acid, and rat poison. Viagra is one of the world's most counterfeited medicines.According to a 2012 Pfizer study, around 80% of sites claiming to sell Viagra wer...

    Marketing and sales

    In the US, even though sildenafil is available only by prescription from a doctor, it was advertised directly to consumers on TV (famously being endorsed by former United States Senator Bob Dole and football star Pelé). Numerous sites on the Internet offer Viagra for sale after an "online consultation", often a simple web questionnaire. The Viagra name has become so well known that many fake aphrodisiacs now call themselves "herbal viagra" or are presented as blue tablets imitating the shape...

  6. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › LSDLSD - Wikipedia

    Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsäure-diethylamid), and known colloquially as acid or lucy, is a potent psychedelic drug.[12] Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception.[13] At sufficiently high dosages, LSD manifests primarily mental, visual, and auditory ...

  7. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Acetic_acidAcetic acid - Wikipedia

    Acetic acid / ə ˈ s iː t ɪ k /, systematically named ethanoic acid / ˌ ɛ θ ə ˈ n oʊ ɪ k /, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 COOH (also written as CH 3 CO 2 H, C 2 H 4 O 2, or HC 2 H 3 O 2). Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water. ...

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