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ATU develops 130 gongbans annually in areas ranging from smart phones, tablets, smart watches, smart homes, and industrial controls—and distributes the designs for free. WPI then makes money by trading in the boards’ components. "We call this shanzhai in Shenzhen. It’s a mass production artwork,” explains Lawrence Lin head of the ...
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Allen Butcher: "The idea of an alternative culture or economic system exploiting capitalism, which is to do to capitalism what capitalism has done to everything that it can monetize and commodify, makes time-based economics unique among alternative economic ideologies, like communism, whether Marxist or any other form, which emphasizes class war or...
A. Allen Butcher: " In "egalitarian" communities one hour is worth one credit regardless of who is working or what is done, and involve either a "fair-share" labor system requiring a labor contribution without labor accounting, or "labor credit" systems requiring a "labor quota" and the accounting of a minimum labor contribution for a person to mai...
Allen Butcher: "There are three different forms of time-based economies: First, labor-gifting time-based economies are used in intentional communities like cohousing, ecovillages, and community land trusts. Second, labor-sharing time-based economies are used in communal intentional communities having community-owned businesses, similar to worker-ow...
A. Allen Butcher: "All of the various types of intentional communities use some form of sharing system, or some degreeof communal economics. Any organization having a labor contribution for which there is no monetaryor other compensation given in exchange for their labor could be said to use a “time economy.”(Butcher 1997) Note that labor exchange ...
Communal Economics, A. Allen Butcher, P.O. Box 1666, Denver, CO 80201-1666 USA 4thWorld@consultant.com
2023年11月16日 · Abstract. "The notion of Free Digital Labor has emerged at the center of scientific debate with the advent of platform capitalism. This notion denotes the apparently free activity that users perform on digital platforms, producing, often unknowingly, data without any monetary remuneration.
2016年6月14日 · Abstract. "??This research introduces ‘hope labor’ as a motivation for voluntary online social production, defined here as ‘un- or under-compensated work carried out in the present, often for experience or exposure, in the hope that future employment opportunities may follow’.
2023年7月9日 · The focus is on the “design global, manufacture local” model. This model builds on the conjunction of the digital commons of knowledge and design with desktop and benchtop manufacturing technologies (from three-dimensional printers and laser cutters to low-tech tools and crafts). Two case studies are presented to illustrate three ...
When Milosevic refused to concede defeat to opposition candidate Vojislav Kostunica, Otpor's example of disciplined nonviolence, along with its masses of activists, were crucial in convincing Serbia's security forces to defy Milosevic's orders to shoot at the protesters. On Oct. 7, the embattled president resigned. The unthinkable had happened.
1. "In a nutshell, Sustainability Context calls for assessing "the performance of the organization in the context of the limits and demands placed on environmental or social resources at the sectoral, local, regional, or global level," to quote the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), which coined the concept as one of its core Principles in 2002.
