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2024年5月3日 · Cathari, (from Greek katharos, “pure”), also spelled Cathars, heretical Christian sect that flourished in western Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Cathari professed a neo-Manichaean dualism—that there are two principles, one good and the other evil, and that the material world is evil.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
2024年5月6日 · Crusades, military expeditions, beginning in the late 11th century, that were organized by western European Christians in response to centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. The Crusades took place from 1095 until the 16th century, when the advent of Protestantism led to the decline of papal authority.
- There were at least eight Crusades. The First Crusade lasted from 1096 to 1099. The Second Crusade began in 1147 and ended in 1149. The Third Crusa...
- The Crusades were organized by western European Christians after centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their primary objectives were to stop the e...
- The First Crusade was led by Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Godrey of Bouillon, Hugh of Vermandois, Bohemond of Otranto, and Robert of Flanders, and the...
- The First Crusade, called in response to a request for help from the Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus, was astonishingly successful. The Crusader...
- The Crusades slowed the advance of Islamic power and may have prevented western Europe from falling under Muslim suzerainty. The Crusader states ex...
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1 天前 · Crusader terminology remained largely indistinguishable from that of Christian pilgrimage during the 12th century. A specific term for a crusader in the form of crucesignatus —"one signed by the cross"—emerged in the early 12th century.
1 天前 · Christianity and war. Knights, chivalry and the military orders. Common people. Perception of Muslims. History. 12th century. 13th century. Propaganda. Institutional reform. Popular crusading. Early century. Criticism. Later century. 14th century. 15th century. 16th century. 17th century and later. Legacy. Historiography. See also. References.
13 小時前 · The Albigensian Crusade was the first of what Rebecca Rist classifies as ‘internal’ crusades within Latin Christendom as opposed to ‘external’ expeditions to the Levant. Innocent III died in 1216 and the crusade against the Provinciales heretici was continued by two other popes, Honorius III and Gregory IX.
3 天前 · Christianity is a major religion stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus of Nazareth in the 1st century CE. It has become the largest of the world’s religions and, geographically, the most widely diffused.
1 天前 · Catharism ( / ˈkæθərɪzəm / KATH-ər-iz-əm; [1] from the Ancient Greek: καθαροί, romanized : katharoí, "the pure ones" [2]) was a Christian quasi- dualist or pseudo- Gnostic movement which thrived in Southern Europe, particularly in northern Italy and southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries. [3] .
